▲圣母峰每年吸引大量登山客挑战,但也产生严重的污染问题。
世界第一高峰喜马拉雅山圣母峰,是不少登山客的终极目标,但由于日益增加的游客量,即使开展了更多大面积清理活动,严重的垃圾、排泄物问题仍难以解决。对此,尼泊尔政府祭出新规定,要求游客在登山前应购买特殊的「粪便袋」,将自己的排泄物一并带下山处理,相关单位将派员检查。
根据外媒《BBC》的报导,尼泊尔帕桑拉姆乡村自治市行政首长明马雪巴(Mingma
Sherpa)指出,由于极端的低温,登山客的粪便几乎无法自然分解,而这导致岩石上能直接看到人的粪便,更有居民因此生病,「我们的山已经开始发臭了……这是不可被接受的」。
报导指出,一般而言,登山者大部分时间都会待在营区先适应高海拔,并在那里搭建单独的帐篷当作厕所,下方也装有桶子来收集排泄物,而一旦开始往更高处爬,多数人会选择直接在雪地里挖洞,或直接在「露天厕所」解决。
萨加玛塔污染物监督委员会(SPCC)主席奇林(Chhiring
Sherpa)表示,尽管没有官方数据,但可估计喜马拉雅山底部的1号营地至4号营地之间大约有3吨的人类排泄物;国际高山向导凯克(Stephan
Keck)更直言,4号营地所在的南坳(South
Col)有着「开放式厕所」的称号,系因该处已经几乎没有冰或雪,到处都能看到人类的粪便。
▲4号营地内出现大量丢弃的食品包装袋和垃圾。
经过当地市政府授权,SPCC目前正在向美国采购约8000个专用「粪便袋」,这些袋子含有特殊的化学物质和粉末,可以固化人类排泄物,使其基本上无味,而这项计画将能为今年的3至5月的登山季做出应对,影响约400名外国登山客及800名支援人员。
SPCC介绍,每个袋子可使用5至6次,委员会预计先让每位登山客在攻顶前必须购买2个袋子,而圣母峰也将作为第1个试验点,后续可能会在其他山峰上执行相同计画,以改善高山严重的垃圾问题。
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