▲尼泊尔祭新规定,爬圣母峰“粪便必须带下山”,上山前必须买粪便袋。(图/达志影像/美联社)
世界第一高峰圣母峰是许多登山客梦想征服的山峰,每年都有大量的挑战者经由尼泊尔展开攻顶挑战,然而大量的登山客涌入也产生巨大的环境污染。为了处理污染问题,尼泊尔政府推出了新规定,未来只要从尼泊尔一侧攀登圣母峰,登山者登山前必须购买粪便袋,把自己登山期间排泄的粪便带下山。
根据BBC报导,圣母峰每年都吸引数百名登山客前往挑战,且然而持续涌入的登山客已经在当地造成严重的污染。尼泊尔登山协会一位负责人吉内什指出,一个人平均每天排泄250克粪便,然而一般攻顶圣母峰的挑战者,都会在海拔较高的营地停留2周,期间不但会制造垃圾,还会排泄出大量的粪便。
尼泊尔帕桑拉姆乡村自治市(Pasang Lhamu rural municipality)首长明马雪巴(Mingma
Sherpa)指出,由于圣母峰极度低温的环境,导致登山客遗留的粪便几乎无法分解,“我们收到许多投诉,许多岩石上可以看到人的粪便,这是我们无法接受的”、“我们的山已经开始发臭了”。
为了处理污染问题,尼泊尔政府今年推出了新的规定,任何从尼泊尔上山,打算攀登圣母峰、洛子峰(世界第4高峰)的登山客,在位于海拔5364公尺的圣母峰大本营(基地营)出发攻顶前,必须都购买粪便袋,把攻顶期间所排泄的粪便捡拾带下山,下山回到大本营时会有官员检查。
根据萨加玛塔污染物监督委员会(SPCC)估算,位于海拔6000多公尺的圣母峰1号营地到距离峰顶最近的4号营地间,大约遗留有3吨人类排泄物,多数位在4号营地的圣母峰南坳。SPCC主席奇林(Chhiring
Sherpa)说,由于圣母峰南坳几乎没有冰雪覆盖,几乎随处可见人类粪便,也因此被称为“开放式厕所”。
萨加玛塔污染物监督委员会指出,在得到帕桑拉姆乡村自治市授权后,他们已经从美国购买了约8000个粪便袋,准备因应2024年3月到5月的登山人潮。SPCC表示,这些粪便袋内含有特别的化学物质,可以让粪便硬化并消除其臭味,且每个袋子可使用5至6次,因此委员会计划让每人攻顶前必须购买2个袋子。
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