有声读物：《孙子兵法 7》The Art of War Chapter 12 and 13
XII. THE ATTACK BY FIRE
1. Sun Tzu said: There are five ways of attacking with fire. The first is to burn soldiers in their camp; the second is to burn stores; the third is to burn baggage trains; the fourth is to burn arsenals and magazines; the fifth is to hurl dropping fire amongst the enemy.
2. In order to carry out an attack, we must have means available. The material for raising fire should always be kept in readiness.
3. There is a proper season for making attacks with fire, and special days for starting a conflagration.
4. The proper season is when the weather is very dry; the special days are those when the moon is in the constellations of the Sieve, the Wall, the Wing or the Cross-bar; for these four are all days of rising wind.
5. In attacking with fire, one should be prepared to meet five possible developments:
6. (1) When fire breaks out inside to enemy's camp, respond at once with an attack from without.
7. (2) If there is an outbreak of fire, but the enemy's soldiers remain quiet, bide your time and do not attack.
8. (3) When the force of the flames has reached its height, follow it up with an attack, if that is practicable; if not, stay where you are.
9. (4) If it is possible to make an assault with fire from without, do not wait for it to break out within, but deliver your attack at a favorable moment.
10. (5) When you start a fire, be to windward of it. Do not attack from the leeward.
11. A wind that rises in the daytime lasts long, but a night breeze soon falls.
12. In every army, the five developments connected with fire must be known, the movements of the stars calculated, and a watch kept for the proper days.
13. Hence those who use fire as an aid to the attack show intelligence; those who use water as an aid to the attack gain an accession of strength.
14. By means of water, an enemy may be intercepted, but not robbed of all his belongings.
15. Unhappy is the fate of one who tries to win his battles and succeed in his attacks without cultivating the spirit of enterprise; for the result is waste of time and general stagnation.
16. Hence the saying: The enlightened ruler lays his plans well ahead; the good general cultivates his resources.
17. Move not unless you see an advantage; use not your troops unless there is something to be gained; fight not unless the position is critical.
18. No ruler should put troops into the field merely to gratify his own spleen; no general should fight a battle simply out of pique.
19. If it is to your advantage, make a forward move; if not, stay where you are.
20. Anger may in time change to gladness; vexation may be succeeded by content.
21. But a kingdom that has once been destroyed can never come again into being; nor can the dead ever be brought back to life.
22. Hence the enlightened ruler is heedful, and the good general full of caution. This is the way to keep a country at peace and an army intact.
XIII. THE USE OF SPIES
1. Sun Tzu said: Raising a host of a hundred thousand men and marching them great distances entails heavy loss on the people and a drain on the resources of the State. The daily expenditure will amount to a thousand ounces of silver. There will be commotion at home and abroad, and men will drop down exhausted on the highways. As many as seven hundred thousand families will be impeded in their labor.
2. Hostile armies may face each other for years, striving for the victory which is decided in a single day. This being so, to remain in ignorance of the enemy's condition simply because one grudges the outlay of a hundred ounces of silver in honors and emoluments, is the height of inhumanity.
3. One who acts thus is no leader of men, no present help to his sovereign, no master of victory.
4. Thus, what enables the wise sovereign and the good general to strike and conquer, and achieve things beyond the reach of ordinary men, is foreknowledge.
5. Now this foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits; it cannot be obtained inductively from experience, nor by any deductive calculation.
6. Knowledge of the enemy's dispositions can only be obtained from other men.
7. Hence the use of spies, of whom there are five classes: (1) Local spies; (2) inward spies; (3) converted spies; (4) doomed spies; (5) surviving spies.
8. When these five kinds of spy are all at work, none can discover the secret system. This is called "divine manipulation of the threads." It is the sovereign's most precious faculty.
9. Having local spies means employing the services of the inhabitants of a district.
10. Having inward spies, making use of officials of the enemy.
11. Having converted spies, getting hold of the enemy's spies and using them for our own purposes.
12. Having doomed spies, doing certain things openly for purposes of deception, and allowing our spies to know of them and report them to the enemy.
13. Surviving spies, finally, are those who bring back news from the enemy's camp.
14. Hence it is that which none in the whole army are more intimate relations to be maintained than with spies. None should be more liberally rewarded. In no other business should greater secrecy be preserved.
15. Spies cannot be usefully employed without a certain intuitive sagacity.
16. They cannot be properly managed without benevolence and straightforwardness.
17. Without subtle ingenuity of mind, one cannot make certain of the truth of their reports.
18. Be subtle! be subtle! and use your spies for every kind of business.
19. If a secret piece of news is divulged by a spy before the time is ripe, he must be put to death together with the man to whom the secret was told.
20. Whether the object be to crush an army, to storm a city, or to assassinate an individual, it is always necessary to begin by finding out the names of the attendants, the aides-de-camp, and door-keepers and sentries of the general in command. Our spies must be commissioned to ascertain these.
21. The enemy's spies who have come to spy on us must be sought out, tempted with bribes, led away and comfortably housed. Thus they will become converted spies and available for our service.
22. It is through the information brought by the converted spy that we are able to acquire and employ local and inward spies.
23. It is owing to his information, again, that we can cause the doomed spy to carry false tidings to the enemy.
24. Lastly, it is by his information that the surviving spy can be used on appointed occasions.
25. The end and aim of spying in all its five varieties is knowledge of the enemy; and this knowledge can only be derived, in the first instance, from the converted spy. Hence it is essential that the converted spy be treated with the utmost liberality.
26. Of old, the rise of the Yin dynasty was due to I Chih who had served under the Hsia. Likewise, the rise of the Chou dynasty was due to Lu Ya who had served under the Yin.
27. Hence it is only the enlightened ruler and the wise general who will use the highest intelligence of the army for purposes of spying and thereby they achieve great results. Spies are a most important element in water, because on them depends an army's ability to move.
[Tu Mu closes with a note of warning: "Just as water, which carries a boat from bank to bank, may also be the means of sinking it, so reliance on spies, while production of great results, is oft-times the cause of utter destruction."]
Spies are a most important element in water, because on them depends an army's ability to move.
[Chia Lin says that an army without spies is like a man with ears or eyes.]
[1] "Aids to Scouting," p. 2.
[2] "Marshal Turenne," p. 311.
十二 火攻篇
孙子曰：
凡火攻有五：一曰火人，二曰火积，三曰火辎，四曰火库，五曰火队。
行火必有因，因必素具。发火有时，起火有日。时者，天之燥也。日者，月在箕、壁、翼、轸也。凡此四宿者，风起之日也。凡火攻，必因五火之变而应之：火发于内，则早应之于外；火发而其兵静者，待而勿攻，极其火力，可从而从之，不可从则上。火可发于外，无待于内，以时发之，火发上风，无攻下风，昼风久，夜风止。凡军必知五火之变，以数守之。
故以火佐攻者明，以水佐攻者强。水可以绝，不可以夺。
夫战胜攻取而不惰其功者凶，命曰“费留”。故曰：明主虑之，良将惰之，非利不动，非得不用，非危不战。主不可以怒而兴师，将不可以愠而攻战。合于利而动，不合于利而上。怒可以复喜，愠可以复说，亡国不可以复存，死者不可以复生。故明主慎之，良将警之。此安国全军之道也。
十二、火攻篇译文
【原文】 孙子曰：凡火攻有五：一曰火人，二曰火积，三曰火辎，四曰火库，五曰火队。行火必有因，烟火必素具，发火有时，起火有日。时者，天之燥也；日者，月在箕、壁、翼、轸也。凡此四宿者，起风之日也。
【译文】 孙子说：火攻有五种，一是焚敌营栅人马，二是焚敌“委积”，三是焚敌辎重，四是焚敌武库，五是焚敌交通要道设施。实施火攻需具备一定条件，点火器材必须平日准备好。发动火攻要依据一定天时，具体点火要有恰当日子。所谓天时，指气候干燥的时期；所谓恰当的日子，就是月亮运行到箕、壁、翼、轸四星所在位置的日子。大凡月亮运行到这四个星宿的日子，都是风起的日子。
【原文】 凡火攻，必因五火之变而应之。火发于内，则早应之于外。火发兵静者，待而勿攻；极其火力，可从而从之，不可从而止。火可发于外，无待于内，以时发之。火发上风，无攻下风。昼风久，夜风止。凡军必知有五火之变，以数守之。
【译文】 大凡火攻，一定根据五种火攻所引起的情况变化采取相应的策应措施。从敌方内部放火，则早派兵在外策应。火已烧起敌兵仍镇静的，要等待观察，不要急于进攻；待到火势最旺时，可进攻就进攻，不可进攻就停止。火也可从外施放，不必等待内应，按准确的时机发火就行。火施放在上风，不要从下风进攻。白天发火以兵从攻，晚上发火不要从攻。大凡领导作战一定要熟悉五种火攻所引起的情况变化，并根据火攻应循遗的自然规律紧紧把握住火攻的时机。
【原文】 故以火佐攻者明，以水佐攻者强。水可以绝，不可以夺。
【译文】 用火来辅助进攻者高明，以水来辅助进攻者强大。水可以阻隔敌人，但不如火攻那样直接剥夺敌军实力。
【原文】 夫战胜攻取而不修其功者凶，命曰费留。故曰：明主虑之，良将修之。非利不动，非得不用，非危不战。主不可以怒而兴师，将不可以愠而致战。合于利而动，不合于利而止。怒可以复喜，愠可以复悦，亡国不可以复存，死者不可以复生。故明君慎之，良将警之，此安国全军之道也。
【译文】 仗打胜了，城攻取了，但不能因之建立功业、巩固政权，那是危险的，这叫白费力气。因此说，英明的君主应该很好考虑这个问题，贤良的将帅应该认真研究这个问题。不是于国有利就不要采取军事行动，没有必胜的把握就不要用兵，不是处于危险境地不要交战。君主不可因为一时愤怒而发动战争，将领也不能因为一时恼火而命令作战。合于国家长远利益就行动，不合符国家长远利益就停止。愤怒可以转化为高兴，恼火可以转化为喜悦，但灭亡了的国家却不可再存在，死掉人也不可能再活过来。因而，明智的君主应慎重地对待这个问题，优良的将帅应该警惕这个问题，这是安定国家保全军队的根本原则啊！
本篇的要点在于修，即修功，巩固胜果，把敌人的力量吸收到自己内部，人员，武器，物资等，来增强自己的力量。
孙子重利的原则在此篇得到完全体现。合于利则动，不合于利则止。只有在合于利益的情况下，才可以采取行动。世俗之人则恰恰相反，以性格、情绪、恩怨......为行动的一时动因。结果逞一时之快，得来的只是利益的损失，陷入更恼火、更后悔的境地。
不能简单地把利看作钱、财富，它有更广泛的含义。比如主动权、士气、人心、信誉、威慑等。
开战前，不应立即考虑如何打胜仗，而要考虑此仗的结果是否对己有利。如果是，才可以集中精力考虑如何取胜；如果否，应该坚决地避免战斗的发生。
孙子曰：
凡兴师十万，出征千里，百姓之费，公家之奉，日费千金，内外骚动，怠于道路，不得操事者，七十万家。相守数年，以争一日之胜，而爱爵禄百金，不知敌之情者，不仁之至也，非民之将也，非主之佐也，非胜之主也。故明君贤将所以动而胜人，成功出于众者，先知也。先知者，不可取于鬼神，不可象于事，不可验于度，必取于人，知敌之情者也。
故用间有五：有因间，有内间，有反间，有死间，有生间。五间俱起，莫知其道，是谓神纪，人君之宝也。乡间者，因其乡人而用之；内间者，因其官人而用之；反间者，因其敌间而用之；死间者，为诳事于外，令吾闻知之而传于敌间也；生间者，反报也。故三军之事，莫亲于间，赏莫厚于间，事莫密于间，非圣贤不能用间，非仁义不能使间，非微妙不能得间之实。微哉微哉！无所不用间也。间事未发而先闻者，间与所告者兼死。凡军之所欲击，城之所欲攻，人之所欲杀，必先知其守将、左右、谒者、门者、舍人之姓名，令吾间必索知之。敌间之来间我者，因而利之，导而舍之，故反间可得而用也；因是而知之，故乡间、内间可得而使也；因是而知之，故死间为诳事，可使告敌；因是而知之，故生间可使如期。五间之事，主必知之，知之必在于反间，故反间不可不厚也。
昔殷之兴也，伊挚在夏；周之兴也，吕牙在殷。故明君贤将，能以上智为间者，必成大功。此兵之要，三军之所恃而动也。
十三、用间篇译文
【原文】 孙子曰：凡兴师十万，出征千里，百姓之费，公家之奉，日费千金；内外骚动，怠于道路，不得操事者七十万家。相守数年，以争一日之胜，而爱爵禄百金，不知敌之情者，不仁之至也，非人之将也，非主之佐也，非胜之主也。故明君贤将，所以动而胜人，成功出于众者，先知也。先知者，不可取于鬼神，不可象于事，不可验于度，必取于人，知敌之情者也。
【译文】 孙子说：大凡出兵十万，出征千里，百姓的耗费、公家的开支，每日耗资千金；国家内外动荡，人们疲惫地奔波于道路，不能安心从事耕作的达七十万家。相持数年来争夺一朝的胜利，却因吝啬爵禄金银，不愿使用间谍，以至不知敌方情实的人，是不懂仁爱到了极点啊！这种人，不配为军中统帅，不配为君主的辅臣，也不是胜利的把握者。英明的君主、贤能的将帅，之所以动辄就能战胜敌人，成功高于一般的人，就在于他们事先了解敌情。要事先了解敌情，不可从鬼神取得，不可从往事中去类比，也不能用度数去应验，一定只能从人的口中得知，这种人，就是了解敌情的人。
【原文】 故用间有五：有因间，有内间，有反间，有死间，有生间。五间俱起，莫知其道，是谓神纪，人君之宝也。因间者，因其乡人而用之。内间者，因其官人而用之。反间者，因其敌间而用之。死间者，为诳事于外，令吾间知之，而传于敌间也。生间者，反报也。
【译文】 使用间谍有五种：有因间、有内间、有反间、有死间、有生间。五种间谍一齐使用，没有谁能知道其中奥秘，这便可称为一条神妙的纲纪，是国君的法宝。所谓因间，就是利用敌国乡人为间谍；所谓内间，就是利用敌国朝内官员做间谍；所谓反间，就是利用敌方派来的间谍，使之反过来为我效力；所谓死间，就是故意在外散布假情况，让我方间谍明白并有意识传给敌间；所谓生间，就是能亲自回来报告敌情的间谍。
【原文】 故三军之事，莫亲于间，赏莫厚于间，事莫密于间。非圣智不能用间，非仁义不能使间，非微妙不能得间之实。微哉！微哉！无所不用间也。间事未发，而先闻者，间与所告者皆死。
【译文】 军中的亲信，没有比间谍更亲密的了；军中的奖赏，没有比对间谍的奖赏更丰厚的了；军中的机密事务，没有比用间更为机密的了。不是英明睿智的人不能任用间谍；没有仁义的德行不足以驱使间谍，没有精微神妙的分析判断能力不能得到真实的情报。微妙啊，微妙啊，无处不用间谍。用间所谋之事未行却先被人知道，间谍以及他所告诉的人都要被处死。
【原文】 凡军之所欲击，城之所欲攻，人之所欲杀，必先知其守将、左右、谒者、门者、舍人之姓名，令吾间必索知之，必索敌人之间来间我者，因而利之，导而舍之，故反间可得而用也；因是而知之，故乡间、内间可得而使也；因是而知之，故死间为诳事，可使告敌；因是而知之，故生间可使如期。五间之事，主必知之，知之必在于反间，故反间不可不厚也。
【译文】 凡是要攻击某敌军，夺取某城邑，斩杀敌方某重要人员，一定要事先了解敌方主管将帅、左右亲信、传达报告的官员、守门的官吏、门客幕僚诸人的姓名，命令我方间谍一定查探清楚。一定要查出敌方派来的间谍，获得后以重金收买，诱导他为我所用，这样，反间就可以得到使用了。从反间了解到情况，就能从敌方找到恰当人选，乡间、内间就可得到使用了。从反间那里了解了情况，死间就可散布假情报，并可让他告诉敌人；由于从反间了解了情况，避开了危险，生间就可如期回报。五种间谍的情况，主君必须掌握，掌握这些情况的关键在于反间。所以反间的待遇不能不特别优厚。
【原文】 昔殷之兴也，伊挚在夏；周之兴也，吕牙在殷。故惟明君贤将，能以上智为间者，必成大功。此兵之要，三军之所恃而动也。
【译文】 从前，殷代兴起之际，伊挚在夏当间谍；周代兴起之时，姜子牙在殷搜集情报。因此，明君贤将中，能够以很有智谋的人做间谍，必定成就大功。这是军事的要点，是军队行动的依靠。
本篇的要点在于：微。即没有哪个地方不用到间谍，没有哪个间谍不是微妙的。
《反不正当竞争法》《公司法》等法律明令禁止窃取其他公司的商业机密。必须通过很多合法的、巧妙的途径获取各种情报。竞争对手的雇员、前雇员，现任官员、前任官员，对手的客户、合作伙伴，对手的公开资料、内部资料，甚至对手的垃圾，都是信息的来源，一定要善于发掘。用间，是一把双刃剑。美国前总统尼可松因为窃听竞争对手的竞选筹划，被暴光后，直接导致自己下台，导演了水门事件丑剧。群英会蒋干中计，留下千古笑柄。日本人善于学习他国技术，可谓善间。中国也不会再上演同样的热烈欢迎国际友人参观我厂的商业悲剧了。
微哉，非智者不能用间！
（此版为张家杰zhang@cogsci.ucsd.edu 根据语农编著的《孙子兵法》键入，李晓渝xiaoyu@Grumpy.SSC.GOV 一九九一年冬据郭化若著一九八四年版《孙子译注》校；嚎据李零著一九九一年版《孙子兵法注译》重校，一九九五年六月）
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