皮皮蝦 名博

The similarities and differences of British and Americaneducation and their takeaways for China

英美教育之异同及对中国的启示

By 皮皮虾

Note：Please use horizental orentation for better reading experience

（注意：横屏阅读效果更佳）

-         Types of School (K-12) 学校种类（学前班至12年级）

o  USA美国

§ Public school – no fee, government run, based on your home neighborhood

公立学校—免费，政府运作，基于家庭住址划区

·  Regular public school – does not require test

通常的公立学校—无需考试

· Magnet school – attracts top talent from the area, must take test

磁校—吸引本区的尖子生，必须考试

o e.g. Latin schools in Massachusetts, NYC specialized high schools

比如，麻省的拉丁学校，纽约市的特殊高中

·  Charter school

特许学校

§ Private school – fee-paying

私立学校—付费

o  UK英国

§ State school – no fee, government run, based on your home neighbourhood

国立学校—免费，政府运作，基于家庭住址划区

· State comprehensive school – does not require test

国立综合学校—无需考试

·   Grammar school – must take test

语法学校—必须考试

§ Private school – fee-paying

私立学校—付费

-         Secondary School System 中学系统

o  USA 美国

§ Take many classes (6-7 at a time) spanning all subjects
许多课和科目（同时6-7门）

§ Science class: one subject (bio, chemistry, physics) each year.  No concurrently.
理科课程：每年一门（生物，化学，物理），不同时

§GPA which includes homework, quizzes, projects,exams
学分绩包括作业、测验、课题、考试

·      GPA is not standardized across schools or eventeachers as each teacher determines grading
学分绩不是跨校甚至跨教师标准化的，每个教师自定评分标准

§ Outside of school, there are many opportunities to develop learning, such as math/humanities circles, summer camps, math competitions, Splash, etc.
校外有很多学习机会，比如数学/人文圈，夏令营，数学竞赛，Splash,等等。

o  UK英国

§ Achievement is mainly measured through standardized exams (GCSE at the age of 16, and A-levels at the age of 18). Your classes are to prepare you for these exams
主要通过标准化考试来测量成就（16岁中等教育普通证书，18岁A-levels）

·There is no GPA. If your teacher assigns you coursework, the universities you are applying for won’t care or even know how you did
没有学分绩。如果你的老师给你布置了作业，你申请的大学不会关心，甚至不知道你做没做

§ GCSEs (until age 16) 中等教育普通证书（到16岁）

·   General Certificate of Secondary Education
中等教育普通证书

·  In England, best grade is 9, worst is 1 (used to be A*, A, etc)
英文最高9分，最低1分（曾经是A*，A，等等）

·   Maybe take 11 courses, very broad
也许上11门课，非常广泛

§ A-levels (age 16-18) A-levels （16-18岁）

·   Well-prepared in last 2 years of high school
高中最后两年充分准备

·    Students specialize in 3-4 subjects
学生专注于3-4门学科

·   Best grade is A*, then A, then B, etc.
最高A*，其次A， B，等等。

-         University Admissions大学录取

o  Choosing what universities to apply to选择申请的学校

§ In US, you can apply to as many as you want
在美国，你想申请多少就可以申请多少

· Many of them will be on common app, others, like UC system, will have its own application portal
很多学校可通过通用申请，其它的比如加州大学系统有自己的申请通道

· You must pay an application fee to each university you apply to
申请的每个大学都要交申请费

· Each university can set its own essays and supplementals in addition to the Common App essay
除了通用申请文章外，每个大学还要求有自己的一套作文和补充材料

o Many of these essays allow applicants an opportunity to be creative and to show their personality and backstory
许多这些文章允许学生有机会展示创造性、个性和背后的故事

§ In the UK, students must choose a subject to study at university (a course) when applying. You can only apply to 5 universities or courses
在英国，学生在申请时必须选择专业，可以申请5个大学或专业

· You can only apply to 1 of Oxford or Cambridge in any particular application year
在同一年，牛津剑桥只能申请其中之一

· You will apply on a centralized portal called UCAS. All universities in the UK are part of UCAS. UCAS will charge you one fee.
申请通过一个叫UCAS的统一系统，英国所有大学都在此系统内，UCAS只收一份钱

§ There will only be one essay, the UCAS personal statement. In this statement, you will discuss why you have chosen the subject you want to study at university level. Unlike US essays, this is not about personality, and is more factual in style。
只有一篇作文，就是UCAS个人陈述。此陈述只讨论你为何选择此专业。与美国不同，这篇作文与个性无关，只是事实表述。

o  Test考试

§ In the US, you should take SAT/ACT. However, a growing number of colleges and universities are becoming SAT/ACT-optional. You can also take AP tests, but these are more of a bonus, if anything, to your application and are not as important as SAT/ACT. They can later be used at many universities to transfer credits/skip to a higher level.
在美国，你要考SAT或者ACT。然而越来越多的大学不要求。你也可以考AP考试，但这些对申请来说仅是锦上添花，不如SAT或ACT重要，它们在未来上大学时可以用来顶学分或跳级到高级班。

§ Oxbridge will test applicants using their own test. This is a good way to standardize their applicants.
牛剑有自己的选拔考试，这是一种对申请人标准化的好方式

· The specific test you will take depends on what you are applying for. For example, many social science applicants at Oxford will take the Thinking Skills Assessment (TSA), while Physics and Engineering applicants will take the Physics Aptitude Test (PAT), etc.
考试的种类取决于你申请的方向，比如，许多申请牛津的社科类学生需要考思维技能评估考试（TSA），而物理和工程类申请人需要考物理能力测试（PAT），等等

§ Other UK universities do not conduct additional testing. They will just rely on scores such as A-level or international equivalent (which, for applicants from the US, are AP and SAT)
其他英国大学不进行额外的测试。他们将只依赖于诸如A-level 或国际同等水平的分数（对于来自美国的申请人来说，是AP 和 SAT）

o  Interviews面试

§ In the US, college interviews are optional and conducted by alumni. They are used as a means to measure student interest in the college as well as gauge their personality traits.
在美国，大学面试是可选项，由校友进行。它们被用来衡量学生对大学的兴趣以及衡量他们的个性特征

§ In the UK, interviews are only typically conducted at good universities such as Oxbridge. They are actually professional/subject based rather than personality based and are conducted by the professors. The student will be given problems to solve and academic questions to share their opinions about.
在英国，面试通常只在牛津剑桥这样的好大学进行。它们实际上是基于专业/学科而不是基于个性的，并且由教授进行。学生要解决给出的问题并就学术问题分享意见。

o  Well-roundedness (academic) 全面性（学术）

§ In US, applicants should have good grades across the board to have the best chance at admission. A key measure used is GPA
在美国，申请者应该全面取得好成绩才能获得最好的录取机会。使用的关键衡量标准是GPA

§ In the UK, they look at your A-level predicted results (predicted by your teacher) as well as your GCSEs.
在英国，他们会查看您的A-level 预测结果（由您的老师预测）以及您的GCSE成绩。

· You should try to have good GCSEs, but if you are not strong in certain subjects, you still have a good chance (especially since you are probably not studying that at A-level, or applying for a university course related to that)
您应该尝试获得良好的GCSE，但如果您在某些科目上不强，您仍然有很好的机会（特别是因为您可能没有在A-level 学习该课程，或申请与此相关的大学课程）

o  E.g. if you are applying for math but did not do well in history at GCSE
例如如果您正在申请数学，但在GCSE 的历史学习成绩不佳

· The main focus in admissions is your aptitude and passion for the specific subject you are studying.
招生的主要重点是您对所学习的特定学科的天赋和热情。

·   Entry requirements入学要求

o  In the UK, there will be specific entry requirements when applying. For example, to study English at Oxford, you must achieve AAA in your A-level exams, and you must have taken English A-level.
在英国，会有特定的申请要求。例如，要在牛津学习英语，您必须在A-level 考试中达到AAA，并且您必须参加英语A-level考试。

o  Many STEM subjects require you to have done A-level mathematics, physics, etc. and to have achieved A* in at least one STEM subject.
许多理工科科目要求您完成A-level 数学、物理等，并在至少一门理工科科目中取得A*。

o  So if you are not predicted to achieve this, or if you are not even taking the specific subjects it needs, you should not apply for that university course. Your application will not be considered.
因此，如果您预计无法实现这一目标，或者您甚至没有参加所需的特定科目，则不应申请该大学专业。您的申请将不会被考虑。

o  Role of extracurriculars and non-academic factors课外活动和非学术因素的作用

§ In the US, admissions are carried out holistically, and extracurriculars play an important role in a student’s application, as they serve to showcase leadership skills.
在美国，招生实行的是全面综合的方式，课外活动在学生的申请中发挥着重要作用，因为它们有助于展示领导技能。

·  Often high schoolers in the US might try to participate in many activities in order to pad their resume when applying to college
美国的高中生通常会尝试参加许多活动以在申请大学时充实他们的简历

o  In this sense, the US admissions system values passion, but this is sometimes “fake”
从这个意义上说，美国招生系统重视热忱，但这有时是“假的”

o  Students can get recruited for outstanding athletic ability
学生可因运动能力突出而被录用

§ In the UK, extracurriculars and sports do not play a role in admissions. Only academics, and particularly passion for the specific subject that is being applied for, matters. An applicant may mention extracurriculars briefly in the personal statement to show they are human, but this is not given much weight.
在英国，课外活动和体育活动在招生中没有作用。只有学术，尤其是对所申请的特定学科的热情，才是最重要的。申请人可以在个人陈述中简要提及课外活动以表明他们是鲜活的个体，但这并没有太大的作用。

§ Legacy校友子女

·  In the US, legacy and a family’s wealth can give a student preferential treatment in the admissions process
在美国，校友子女和家庭财富可以在录取过程中给予学生优先待遇

·   In the UK, legacy is not considered at all
在英国，根本不考虑校友子女

o For example, Prime Minister David Cameron’s son eventually was unable to go to Oxford. Many members of the royal family also could not attend Oxbridge
例如，首相戴维·卡梅伦的儿子最终无法去牛津。许多王室成员也未能被牛津剑桥录取

o  Offers录取通知

§ In the US, you will receive offers. It is very rare for these offers to be rescinded, but sometimes they might be if you do very badly at the end of your senior year, commit a crime or a scandal, etc. This is because the universities already have a lot of information about your academics throughout high school, including last semester’s grades.
在美国，您的录取通知被撤销的情况非常罕见，但有时如果你在大四结束时表现非常糟糕，有犯罪或丑闻等，它们可能会被撤销。这是因为大学已经有很多关于你整个高中的学习成绩，包括最后一学期的成绩。

§ In the UK, unless you apply after finishing your A-level exams (e.g., during a gap year after high school), university offers are almost always conditional upon certain exam results being attained
在英国，除非您完成了A-level考试后申请（例如，在高中毕业后的间隔年期间），否则大学录取几乎总是以达到某些考试成绩为条件

· E.g. Oxford will often offer AAA (which means you must get a grade of A or higher on 3 of your A-level exams)
例如牛津通常会要求AAA（这意味着您必须在3 门 A-level考试中获得 A 或更高的成绩）

· Of course, it is not possible for the condition to be lower than the entry requirement. In some cases, it could be more strict, but this is usually not the case. Conditional requirements track very closely with the entry requirements for each course.
当然，条件不可能低于申请要求。在某些情况下，它可能更严格，但通常情况并非如此。有条件录取的要求与每门课程的申请要求密切相关。

· If the entry requirement includes A or A* in a certain subject, e.g. maths or computer science, they will make this part of the conditional offer as well.
如果申请要求在某个科目中包含A 或 A*，例如数学或计算机科学，他们也会将这部分纳入有条件录取通知书。

·   If you do not meet the conditions, your offer  will be rescinded.
如果您不符合条件，您的录取将被取消。

· When choosing your offers, you can make a “Firm” and an “Insurance” choice. For example, if you get into Cambridge but they require A*AA from you, then you can put this as your Firm choice, meaning it is your top choice. You also have an offer from King’s College London, which requires AAA. You can put this as your Insurance choice, so if you achieve AAA but not A*AA, you will go to King’s.
在选择录取的学校时，您可以选择“梦校”和“保底学校”。例如，如果你得到剑桥的有条件录取，但他们要求你A*AA，那么你可以把它作为你的梦校，这意味着它是你的首选。您还有伦敦国王学院的录取通知书，要求AAA。你可以把它作为你的保底学校，所以如果你达到AAA 但没有达到A*AA，你就去国王学院。  

· If you do not even get AAA, then you can go on Clearing, which is for last-minute matching with universities, and find more courses.
如果你连AAA都没有，那么你可以进入清场程序（Clearing），这是与大学的最后一分钟匹配，可以找到更多的专业。

·  A fair amount of people miss their offers, and will either have to go to a backup university, or might take a gap year and try to apply again next year.
相当多的人失去了他们的录取，他们要么不得不去后备大学，要么可能需要间隔年在来年重新申请。

-         University System大学系统

o  Length of degree学制

§ In US, typically 4 years. You may graduate later, or if you are fast/transferred credits, you may be able to graduate earlier.
在美国，通常为4 年。你可能会晚毕业，或者如果你拿学分很快或有转的学分，你可能可以提前毕业。

§ In England, 3 years for a bachelor’s degree. Many STEM subjects have a fourth undergraduate year, but you graduate with an integrated masters. You do not need to apply for the fourth year, you get in when you initially applied. As long as you meet minimum grades, you can continue.
在英格兰，学士学位需要3年。许多理工科都有第四个本科年，但你毕业时获得了综合硕士学位。您不需要在第四年申请，您可以在最初申请时就进入这个项目了。只要达到最低成绩，就可以继续第四年。

§ (N.B.: The Scottish university system is a bit different from the rest of the UK. Though the application is done through a similar process, Scotland differs from other UK universities in that it takes 4 years rather than 3 for undergrad degrees but grants a Scottish undergraduate masters (MA).)
（注意：苏格兰大学系统与英国其他地区略有不同。虽然申请是通过类似的过程完成的，但苏格兰与其他英国大学的不同之处在于，本科学位需要4 年而不是 3 年，但授予苏格兰本科硕士（MA）。

o  Cost费用

§ US has public and private universities
美国有公立和私立大学

· Public: if you are in-state, you will benefit from cheaper tuition. For example, if you are from California going to a UC, tuition (not including room and board) is $14,100. If you are out of state, it will be more expensive, but probably not as expensive as many private universities. UC out of state tuition: $43,900
公立：如果您在州内，您将受益于更便宜的学费。例如，如果您从加州上加州大学，则学费（不包括食宿）为14,100 美元。如果你在州外，它会更贵，但可能不像许多私立大学那么贵。加州大学州外学费：$43,900

· Private: More expensive. Harvard is $51k, Stanford is $55k
私人：更贵。哈佛5.1 万美元，斯坦福5.5 万美元

·  Room and board in US universities can be very expensive.
美国大学的食宿可能非常昂贵。

§ UK is cheaper – around 9000 pounds for UK students, around 25,000 GBP for international students
英国更便宜——英国学生大约 9000 英镑, 国际学生大约25,000 英镑

o  Specialization专业

§ In USA, you can choose major when applying, but you can also switch or declare later during your university career
在美国，申请时可以选择专业，但也可以在大学生涯后期更换或决定专业

· You usually don’t need to declare until end of sophomore year
通常在大二结束之前不需要申报

·  A large amount of students change their minds
大量学生改变主意

· Depending on the college/university, you may have required (or core) courses outside of your major/minor, but no matter what, you will definitely have the opportunity to take electives, whether or not they are related to your major
根据学院/大学的不同，您可能有主修/辅修以外的必修（或核心）课程，但无论如何，您肯定有机会上选修课，无论它们与您的专业是否相关

§ In England, you must choose a subject as your “course” (England’s version of major) when applying
在英国，你必须在申请时选择一门学科作为你的“课程”（英国版的专业）

· It is very difficult to change your course once you start – often if you change your mind, you may have to drop out and start over again
一旦开始就很难改变你的专业——通常如果你改变主意，你可能不得不退学并重新开始申请

·  Once you start your course, you only take classes related to it. For example, if you study mathematics, you will not (and may not) take any history courses.
一旦你开始你的专业，你只需要学习与它相关的课程。例如，如果您学习数学，您将不会（也可能不会）参加任何历史课程。

· There is opportunity for further specialization or selection within the subject area being studied, however
在所研究的学科领域内有进一步专业化或选择的机会，但是

o For example, in Oxford engineering, you can narrow down and choose a specialty for the last 2 years
例如，在牛津工程学中，您可以在最后2 年缩小范围选择专业

o In PPE, everyone takes the same courses in first year. After that, students might choose different modules within philosophy, politics, and economics.
在 PPE 中，每个人在第一年都参加相同的课程。之后，学生可以选择哲学、政治和经济学中的不同模块。

§ (N.B.: In Scotland, you can take classes outside your course of study, and it is easier to change. In fact, the US liberal arts system is partially modeled upon the Scottish university experience.)
（注意：在苏格兰，你可以上专业之外的课，而且也容易换专业。事实上，美国的文理学院就部分模仿了苏格兰大学的经验。）

§ Because the system in the UK, is more specialized, students can start law/medical/dentistry school straight after high school, just like any other course. (Of course, they can also apply after doing another university degree). In the US, these professional schools are only reserved for the graduate level.
因为英国的系统更加专业化，学生可以在高中毕业后直接开始法律/医学/牙科学校，就像任何其他专业一样（当然，他们也可以在完成大学学位后申请）。在美国，这些专业只保留给研究生级别。

o  University Life大学生活

§ In US, universities usually have a campus, with classrooms, dorms, athletic centers, dining halls, libraries, and other amenities
在美国，大学通常有校园，有教室、宿舍、运动中心、餐厅、图书馆和其他设施

· Students live and work here and spend most of their time here
学生在这里生活和工作，大部分时间都在这里度过

·    Dorm experience: shared room
宿舍体验：有共享房间

§ In UK, the university is often integrated into the city, with no physical “campus” area
在英国，大学通常与城市融为一体，没有具体的“校园”区域

· With the exception of Oxbridge and Durham, which have colleges similar to mini-campuses, there are no dormitories on campus
除牛剑和Durham有类似迷你校园的学院外，校园内没有宿舍

· Many universities might provide an option to rent accommodation directly from the university, but this is usually only for first-years and not next to the classroom areas
许多大学可能会提供直接从大学租用住宿的选项，但这通常只是给新生且不在教室附近

·  You might rent from private student accommodation providers, or rent an apartment or house with friends in the university city
您可能会从私人学生住宿供应商处租房，或者在大学城与朋友一起租公寓或房子

o  Teaching教学

§ In the US, classes are taught via lecture and seminar
在美国，课程是通过讲座和研讨会教授的

§ Some universities (such as liberal arts colleges) are mainly focused on undergraduate teaching
部分大学（如文理学院）以本科教学为主

§ In the UK, this is often also the case, however, in Oxbridge, there is also a special system called the tutorial or supervision system, in which 1-3 students are paired with a tutor (professor) and have weekly discussions.
在英国，情况也经常如此，但是，在牛津剑桥，还有一个特殊的系统称为导师制或督导系统，其中1-3 名学生与导师（教授）配对，每周进行讨论。

§ In the UK all universities are research universities, whereas in the US many (such as liberal arts colleges) are mainly focused on undergraduate teaching.
在英国，所有大学都是研究型大学，而在美国，许多大学（如文理学院）主要专注于本科教学。

o  Grading评分

§ US美国

· You will receive a grade in each class you take, then have a GPA out of 4.0 (similar to high school). Sometimes you will also have a Major GPA (average for all classes you took related to your major).
您将在每门课程中获得一个成绩，然后获得一个满分为4.0的GPA（类似于高中）。有时，您还会获得专业GPA（您参加的与专业相关的所有课程的平均值）。

§ UK英国

· The grade you receive at the end of your degree is only based on exams, and sometimes large pieces of coursework such as research project/thesis/dissertation.
您在学位结束时获得的成绩仅基于考试，有时会基于大的课程作业，例如研究项目/论文。

o  Lecture attendance does not matter
上课出席率无关紧要

o  Exams do not happen on a regular basis, they happen maybe once per year or even less – for example, a set of cumulative exams at the end of your degree.
考试不是定期举行的，它们可能每年举行一次甚至更少——例如，在毕业前进行一系列总考试。

·  Instead of GPA, your final results will be averaged and then classified into different classes of degree. The highest is first class, which requires around 70% minimum. This is considered extremely good. Beneath this is second class, third class, pass, fail.
不同于GPA，您的最终成绩将取平均值，然后分为不同的学位等级。最高的是头等，最低要求约为70%。这被认为是超级好。下面是二等、三等、通过、失败。

-         Top Universities顶级大学

o  US美国

§ HYPSM哈佛、耶鲁、普林斯顿、斯坦福、麻省理工学院

§ Ivy League常春藤联盟

§ Top 20 前20

o  UK英国

§ Oxbridge牛剑

§ Loxbridge (Golden Triangle – London’s top universities, Oxford, Cambridge)
伦牛剑（金三角–伦敦的牛校，牛津，剑桥）

§ Russell Group (24 universities) 罗素集团（24所大学）

· Not necessarily top 24 in rankings, but usually correlate to this
不一定排名前24，但通常很相关

·  E.g. St Andrews is not in Russell Group but is one of the top UK universities
例如圣安德鲁斯大学不属于罗素集团，但却是英国顶尖大学之一

-         Takeaways for the Chinese education system
对中国教育系统的启示

o  The gaokao is a very objective way to measure student achievement and determine admissions. However, in school, China should seek to also prioritize student wellbeing. With children spending so much time preparing for the gaokao exam, they do not have time to relax or develop any passions or interests or soft skills.
高考是衡量学生成绩和决定录取的一种非常客观的方式。然而，在学校方面，中国也应该寻求优先考虑学生的福祉。孩子们花这么多时间准备高考，他们没有时间放松或培养任何激情、兴趣或软技能。
 

o  China should not necessarily emulate the US’s holistic admissions approach. The UK has been successful in its straightforward approach, without legacy or preferential treatment, and this can ensure that admission is objective and based on merit.
中国不一定要效仿美国的整体考察的招生方式。英国在其直截了当的招生方法中取得了成功，没有校友子女或优惠待遇，这可以确保录取是客观的、唯才是举。

o  China can do well with the opportunities to support students’ learning that are available in the US, such as math circles and contests, etc.
中国可以效法美国，提供支持学生学习的机会，例如数学圈和竞赛等。
 

o  Gifted programs have been very fruitful for China. While they are becoming less commonplace in the US, China should maintain these programs, as it is important for a nation to have outstanding scholars and leaders.
资优项目对中国非常有成效。虽然这在美国变得越来越式微，但中国应该保持这些项目，因为拥有杰出的学者和领军人物对一个国家来说很重要。
 

o  The Chinese schooling system gives students a solid background in STEM. China should seek to maintain this advantage to continue to be a global leader in education.
中国教育体系为学生提供了坚实的STEM 背景。中国应该寻求保持这一优势，继续成为全球教育的领导者。
 

o  Chinese system is weak in humanities education.  Instead of rote memorization, training on critical thinking should be strengthened. 
中国的人文教育薄弱。应加强批判性思维的培养，而不是滋养死记硬背。
 

o  China has lots to learn from the US’s college system. The US system’s encouragement of exploration, and the ability to take classes with a variety of people, rather than a set cohort of students going through similar sets of classes, allows students a bit of breadth and the opportunity to foster intellectual curiosity in various areas. It also puts students in good stand to identify interdisciplinary interests and solve societal problems in creative ways using these learnings.
中国有很多东西可以向美国的大学系统学习。美国系统鼓励探索，并且能够与不同的人一起上课，而不是一组学生上类似的课程，这让学生有一定的广度和机会在各个领域培养求知欲。它还使学生能够很好地识别跨学科兴趣，并利用所学以创造性的方式解决社会问题。

o  Both the UK and the US value career-based learning, and students often partake in internships and work experience during their college years, or even in high school. China has yet to take advantage of this opportunity for young people to develop vocational skills and to create links between the academic and professional worlds.
英国和美国都重视以职业为基础的学习，学生经常在大学期间甚至高中期间参与实习和有工作经验。中国尚未利用这个机会让年轻人发展职业技能，并在学术和专业之间建立联系。

o  While the US system is well-rounded, there is the critique that students graduate as generalists without enough depth or expertise in a particular area. On the other hand, the UK is known for its early specialization and possible “narrowness”. China should seek to blend UK and US formats. For some students who have the passion and aptitude for a specific subject, opportunities should be given to them to develop this skill and become very good. However, for students who cannot decide at such a young age what to specialize in, there should be flexibility to explore different subject areas.
虽然美国的系统是全面培养，但也有人批评学生毕业时通才有余，在特定领域没有足够的深度或专业知识。另一方面，英国以其过早专业化和可能的“狭隘”而闻名。中国应该寻求融合英国和美国的模式。对于一些对特定学科有热情和天赋的学生，应该给他们机会发展这种技能并臻于完善。然而，对于年少无法决定专攻什么的学生来说，应该有允其探索不同学科领域的灵活度。
 

o  China should have more exchange programs to the UK and US in order to experience a broader worldview and a different education system.
中国应该有更多的与英美的交流项目，以体验更广阔的世界观和不同的教育体系。

2021.11.7