zt 二战中最辉煌的战舰：The Big E (组图，中英双语对照)

简介：

      企业号(Enterprise CV-6)是第7艘以企业命名的舰只，她是约克城级航母中的第2艘，于1934年7月动工建造，1936年10月下水，1938年5月在东海岸开始服役，1939年4月转入太平洋服役。

       企业号绰号“大企(the Big E)”，几乎参加了太平洋的所有重要战役。大企是个幸运儿，在对手是崇尚武士道的日本人的情况下，能够看到战争的结束本身就说明了这一点。

企业号在二战中共获20枚战役之星勋章，她于1947年退出现役。第8艘以企业号命名的舰只就是1959年的第一艘核动力航母，企业号的战斗精神与其名字一样将一直延续下去。

　　美国“企业”(Enterprise CVN-65)号核动力航空母舰为世界上第一艘核动力航空母舰。1964年,“企业”号进行了史无前例的环球航行,途中无需加油和再补给,历时64天,总航程3万多海里,充分显示了核动力的巨大续航力。



The Most Decorated Ship of the Second World War
二次大战中最辉煌的战舰

Source: United States Naval Institute
来源：美国海军研究协会

"The carrier that fought the most through the entire war..."
       -----Dedicatory Plaque, Enterprise Tower, U.S. Naval Academy

“这艘航母几乎参加了战争中的全部战役”
       -----奉献铭记，企业号舰塔，美国海军学院

　　Enterprise entered World War II on the morning of December 7, 1941, when her scout planes encountered the Japanese squadrons attacking Pearl Harbor. Not until May 14, 1945, when a Kamikaze attack off Kyushu, Japan, left a gaping hole in her flight deck, was she forced to leave the war.

　　Of the more than twenty major actions of the Pacific War, Enterprise engaged in all but two. Her planes and guns downed 911 enemy planes; her bombers sank 71 ships, and damaged or destroyed 192 more. Her presence inspired both pride and fear: pride in her still unmatched combat record, and fear in the knowledge that Enterprise and hard fighting were never far apart.

　　The most decorated ship of the Second World War, Enterprise changed the very course of a war she seemed to have been expressly created for.

  1941年12月7日早上当企业号的侦察机发现日军飞机偷袭珍珠港时，她开始真正进入二战。直到1945年5月14日，一架从日本九州起飞的自杀轰炸机在她的甲板上炸开一个大洞后，她才被迫退出战争。

  太平洋战争的二十几次重大战斗，“企业”号只错过了其中的两次。她的飞机和舰炮击落了911架敌机；她的炸弹击沉了71艘敌舰，击伤超过敌舰超过192艘。她的传奇是骄傲而又恐怖的。骄傲是因为她无人可及的作战纪录，恐怖是因为她的残酷战斗从未间断过。

  “企业”号，这艘二战中最辉煌的战舰，改变了这场战争的进程。

"Steady nerves and stout hearts are needed now." “现在需要雄心壮胆” 　　 Battle Order Number One 　　While the events that led up to the outbreak of general World War in 1941 are well understood, the motivations for those events are not always agreed upon, even today, over sixty years later. 　　By December 1941, Axis armies controlled vast areas in and around Europe: from Italy, Spain and North Africa in the south, east nearly to Moscow, north to the Baltic and west to the Atlantic and North Sea. England, already "stripped to the bone" battling German U-boats and bombers, increasingly depended on American shipping and support for her very survival. 　　In Asia, for decades tension had grown between the European colonial powers - England, Holland and France - the United States, and Japan: the western powers insisting on the right of unfettered access to China's markets, Japan determined to replace Western colonization with her own brand of "Asia for Asians", and the United States as committed to keeping China free and open, as to not propping up the European colonies. 　　By 1941, the Allied powers were in general agreement that the first priority must be defeating Germany. American war plans reflected the shift in emphasis from defending American and European possessions in the Pacific, to controlling shipping on the Atlantic and preparing for an invasion of Europe itself. Meanwhile, increasing diplomatic and economic pressure was applied to Japan, aimed at forcing her withdrawal from China, where her armies had been involved in a long series of "incidents" since 1931. Japan, however, would not budge. As the year wore on, President Roosevelt and his diplomats, resigned to inevitable armed conflict with Japan, now simply negotiated for time, estimating that by mid-1942 enough forces could be stationed in the Far East to deter Japan from making a grab for the resource-rich Dutch East Indies and Malaysia. 　　As part of this build-up, Enterprise shuttled Army Air Force P-39s and P-40s, as well as Navy planes, from West Coast ports to Pearl Harbor, and to outlying detachments on Wake and Guam further west. She departed on her last mission of this sort on November 28 - two days after Japan's Pearl Harbor strike force sailed from Japan - carrying Marine pilots and their planes to Wake Island, flying them off on December 2 before turning east to return to Pearl. Forced to slow by a massive weather system which also sheltered the Japanese Combined Fleet advancing on Oahu, Enterprise missed her expected return date to Pearl Harbor: December 6. Instead, she was 150 miles west when the first Japanese bombs began to fall December 7. Her first notice that war had begun came from one of her own pilots, Ensign Manuel Gonzales, of Scouting Six, flying in to Ford Island Naval Air Station that Sunday morning: 　　"Please don't shoot! Don't shoot! This is an American plane." 　　Moments later, he was heard ordering his aircrewman Leonard J. Kozelek to bail out: neither man was ever heard from again.   直到60多年后的今天人们还会记得那些重大历史事件，正是因为这些事件那在1941年把二次世界大战扩大化了。   到1941年12月，轴心国的军队占领了欧洲的大部分地区，从南部的意大利、西班牙和北非到北方的北海和波罗的海，从西部的大西洋到东方的莫斯科附近。大英帝国已经被德国人的潜艇和飞机打得皮包骨头，只能依靠美国人来运输和支持来维持生计。   在亚洲，经过欧洲殖民主义列强-英国、荷兰和法国长达几十年的半殖民地化的残酷压榨后，美国和日本要求西方列强放宽在中国市场的地位。日本以“亚洲共荣圈”的旗号打算取西方而代之，而美国则继续自己的中国门户开放政策，并不打算成为西方列强的后盾。   到1941年，盟军大致同意以击败德国为优先目标。美国计划把保护美欧在太平洋的利益的注意力，转移到了大西洋海运航线上，并且向欧洲派兵。与此同时美国通过外交和经济手段向日本打压，要求他从中国撤军，从那些1931年以来它在中国非法侵占的土地上撤出。结果日本人根本置之不理。罗斯福总统和他的外交官们听取了不要轻易和日本人开战的议案，准备和日本人谈判。因为到1942年中期的那个时候就有足够的力量来威慑日本人不能轻易的从荷属东印度和马来西亚来掠夺资源。   作为计划的一部分，“企业”号定期派出P-39和P-40飞机作为海军航空兵在西海岸和珍珠港之间进行巡逻。并向威克岛和关岛甚至更西的地方派出飞机巡航。11月28日，她最后一次派飞机进行巡逻。两天后日军偷袭珍珠港的舰队离开日本，“企业”号和她的飞机一起向东回到了珍珠港。由于天气原因以及日军联合舰队向奥阿胡岛的攻击，“企业”耽误了回珍珠港的日期。到12月6日她还有150英里的航程，而12月7日日本飞机已经开始轰炸珍珠港了。她第一次注意战争是因为她的一名飞行员，第6侦察队的海军少尉Manuel Gonzales，在那天早上，他正飞往美军福特岛的海军基地。   “请不要攻击！不要攻击。这是一架美国飞机”   不久，有人听见他命令Leonard J. Kozelek 来解释，然而没有人在听得见了。 　　 　　Scene at Ford Island Naval Air Station, in Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941.        美军福特岛空军基地的全景，珍珠港，1941年12月7日 　　Immediately after the attack, Enterprise was ordered to seek out and attack the Japanese fleet. Faulty intelligence and bad guesses led to her to search the waters southwest of Hawaii, where she found only more American ships. It is just as well, though, as it's unlikely Enterprise alone would have been an even match for the six Japanese fleet carriers now escaping west after the devastating morning raids. 　　At dusk the following day, Enterprise and her Task Force, low on fuel, crept into Pearl Harbor. Angry and frightened voices called out to her: "You'd better get the hell out of here or the Japs will nail you too." "Where in hell were you?" Working in the dark, in shadows cast by the still-burning Arizona, Enterprise refueled while her men hauled on board provisions brought to the ship by lighters. By 0600 the next morning, she had cleared the harbor channel and returned to the vast Pacific, with room to maneuver, room to run. 　　It was 9 December 1941, and Enterprise was at war.   在遭到攻击后，“企业”号接到命令去寻找并且攻击日本舰队。由于低级错误和拙劣的情报，她被派往夏威夷西南方的海域。结果在那里只发现了美国船只。尽管这样，“企业”号还是在大轰炸后的早上发现了六艘航母组成的舰队正在向西撤退。   在第二天黄昏，“企业”号和她的编队，由于油料不足，撤回珍珠港。一个愤怒和恐惧的声音告诉她：“你最好离开这个鬼地方或者等着日本人来炸毁你。”“你说的地域在哪儿？”在亚利桑那号战列舰燃烧的背影下，“企业”号补充着燃料，水兵们繁忙地运送着从驳船上运来的食品。到第二天早上6点，她清理好了港口通道回到了广阔的太平洋。真正的战斗开始了。   这是1941年12月9日，“企业”号进入战争状态。

"... And then there was one patched-up carrier."      ----Rear Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid  “于是只剩下这么一艘打满补丁的航母了。”      ----海军少将托马斯C金凯德。 　　For Enterprise, 1942 began much as 1941 had ended, as she patrolled the western approaches to the Hawaiian islands and periodically returned to Pearl Harbor for supplies, frustrating both brown shoes and bluejackets alike. 　　By the close of 1942, however, Enterprise was battered and barely seaworthy, her men exhausted and their nerves raw. What they had accomplished, though, was nothing short of remarkable. 　　After a series of raids during the spring, Enterprise, Yorktown CV-5 and Hornet CV-8 brought Yamamoto's "year to run wild" to an abrupt halt off Midway Island. During the late summer, Enterprise covered the Allied landings on Guadalcanal, then guarded reinforcement efforts. Heavily engaged and damaged in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons in August, and the Battle of Santa Cruz in October, she was ordered once more in November to block yet another major Japanese effort to retake Guadalcanal. The result, known now as the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, 12-15 November 1942, was the decisive action in the long struggle for the jungle island. In five days of heavy combat, the Japanese landing forces were virtually destroyed, and their supporting battle groups, damaged or destroyed, were pushed away from the island, signaling the end of Japan's southern expansion. 　　In this first year of war, Enterprise and the other ships of the Pacific Fleet faced nearly overwhelming odds regularly. At Midway, Enterprise and her sister ships Hornet - which had never directly engaged the enemy before - and Yorktown - hastily patched up after being struck by an enemy bomb in the Coral Sea battle - squared off against four battle-hardened Japanese carriers ... and won. At Santa Cruz, Hornet and Enterprise - just two carriers now - again engaged four of the enemy's and inflicted such devastating losses on Japan's naval aviators that over a year would pass before Japan's carriers could once again challenge the American fleet. 　　Over the course of the year, the Big E was struck six times by Japanese bombs, and more than 300 of her men were killed or wounded as a result. Enterprise Air Group and Air Group Ten, flying from Enterprise's deck the first eighteen months of the war, suffered heavy losses as they faced the best of Japan's fighting forces. One by one, the other prewar carriers of the Pacific fleet were lost in battle, or damaged and forced to withdraw for repair. Lexington CV-2 was lost in May, and Yorktown less than a month later. On the last day of August, Saratoga CV-3 absorbed her second torpedo of the year and was forced to retire to Pearl Harbor. Wasp CV-7, struck by three torpedoes on September 16, was not so lucky. 　　Finally, on the morning of October 26, as Hornet burned just over the horizon, Enterprise became the last operational US carrier in the Pacific. A bold sign appeared in the hangar deck - "Enterprise vs. Japan" - reflecting both the desperate nature of the situation, and the resolve of Enterprise's men. Not until December 5, when the repaired Saratoga arrived at Noumea, would the men in Enterprise see another friendly flattop. 　　After December 1942, however, Enterprise never fought alone again. Japan's navy, though still formidable, had been greatly weakened by the battles of 1942, battles in which the Big E had often played a pivotal role. And Japan's naval air arm, decimated at Midway, the Eastern Solomons, and Santa Cruz, would never make good its losses. By the end of 1942, Japan had been fought to a stand-still.     对于“企业”号来说，1942年接着1941而来，当她周期性的在夏威夷群岛西部巡逻，并且返回珍珠港进行补给的时候，官兵们这时的士气都十分低落。   在1942年初，“企业”号还是非常的疲惫，只能勉强地进行航海任务。她的船员们十分疲惫而且他们还没有恢复士气。不管他们这是多么的富有经验，但是这时他们确实没有什么亮点。   在1942年春天遭受一系列的袭击后，CV-6“企业”号、CV-5“约克城”号、CV-8“大黄蜂”号奉命前往中途岛截击山本的舰队。在这一年的夏末，“企业”号前往瓜达尔卡纳尔岛为盟军提供空中掩护，然后进行了空中支援。在8月的东所罗门群岛海战和10月的圣克鲁斯海战中遭到了重创。1942年11月12日到15日的瓜达尔海战对围绕着这个热带海岛进行的漫长作战中起了决定性的作用。在五天的激战中，日军的登陆部队遭受了灭顶之灾。他们的登陆艇和支援舰队不是被击沉就是被击伤。于是日军被迫撤离这个岛屿。瓜达尔之战标志着日军南进的终结。   在这一年中，“企业”号和太平洋舰队面对日军压倒性的优势，处于完全的劣势。在中途岛，“企业”号和他的姊妹舰“大黄蜂”号（以前从未和敌军见过面）以及“约克城”号（在珊瑚海战受伤后迅速修复）去对抗日军的四艘大型航母，结果美军获胜了。在圣克鲁斯海战中，“大黄蜂”号和“企业”号（那时只有两艘航母）来对抗日军的四艘航母。日军航空兵损失惨重以致在超过一年的时间中日军航母都不敢和美军舰队对抗。   在这一年中，大E遭受了日本空军六次空袭，造成了超过300人的伤亡。“企业”号飞行大队和第十飞行大队从“企业”号起降时间超过18个月。他们和日军最优秀的海军航空兵交战，伤亡惨重。太平洋舰队的航母一艘接一艘的被击沉或遭到重创而被迫进行大修。CV-2“列克星顿”号在5月被击沉，不到一个月“约克城”号也损失了。在8月的最后一天，CV-3“萨拉托加”号遭到鱼类的攻击而被迫返回珍珠港维修。CV-7“黄蜂”号就没有那么幸运了，在9月16日她被三枚鱼雷击沉。   最后，在10月26日，随着“大黄蜂”号中弹起火，“企业”号成了美军在太平洋上唯一一艘可以作战的航母。一个不屈的标志牌竖立在飞机甲板上“企业号对抗日本”，这反映了人们的大无畏的精神和当时的严峻形势，以及“企业”号的决心。直到12月5日，“萨拉托加”号完成维修后返回努美阿，“企业”号的另一艘友军的航母。 1942年12月后，“企业”号不再孤单。日本海军虽然仍占据优势，但是经过1942年的一系列战争后，已经被大大削弱了。在这些战斗中大E都起了关键的作用。在中途岛海战中日军海军航空兵损失惨重，以致于在东所罗门海战和圣克鲁斯海战中他们都没有恢复过来。到1942年底，日本都还算安稳。

"If Enterprise is ready to fight, so am I."      -----U.S. Navy Admiral, 1943 “只要‘企业’号就绪,我们就能出战了！”      -------美国海军上将，1943年 　　After the battering carrier battles of 1942, 1943 marked a period of recovery and regrouping for both Japan and the United States. This is not to say that the fighting ceased entirely. It did not. Fighting on Guadalcanal continued until February 9, when Army General Alexander Patch announced "Organized resistance on Guadalcanal has ceased." With this, General MacArthur moved forward with Operation Cartwheel. 　　Cartwheel was a two-pronged drive towards the Japanese stronghold of Rabaul, on the northern tip of New Britain. MacArthur and the Allied forces under his command would advance up the northern coast of New Guinea, cross the Dampier Strait to land on New Britain, and then push along the island's coast to Rabaul. Meanwhile, Halsey - operating under MacArthur's command - would conduct a series of landings in the Solomon Islands, from Guadalcanal to New Georgia, and on to Bougainville, just 250 miles from Rabaul. In the end, Rabaul was isolated and bypassed, but not without several bitter night engagements between Japanese and Allied surface forces. 　　In late January, Enterprise was sent into the Coral Sea, to cover the landings of four transports full of men and supplies on Guadalcanal, part of the final push to drive the Japanese from the island. In her final engagement in the seas around Guadalcanal, she provided air cover for the heavy cruiser Chicago, torpedoed by land-based Japanese planes the evening of January 29. Late the next afternoon, another enemy strike materialized. In the attack, known as the Battle of Rennell Island, Enterprise's fighters downed 11 of the 12 enemy planes, unfortunately not before four more torpedoes had slammed into Chicago's hull, fatally wounding her.   经过1942年的战斗，1943年日美双方都在进行着恢复和整编。这并不是说战争已经完全停止了。瓜达尔之战一直持续到这年2月9日，美国陆军将军亚历山大 帕奇才宣布：“瓜达尔德日军已经完全被肃清。”与此同时麦克阿瑟将军正在进行着蛙跳作战。   蛙跳作战是通过两翼包抄来向日军在新不列颠岛北部的拉包儿要塞前进。麦克阿瑟和他指挥的盟军沿着新几内亚的北海岸前进，横穿丹皮尔海峡在新不列颠岛登陆然后沿着海岸向拉包儿进军。与此同时哈尔西在麦克阿瑟的命令下在所罗门群岛进行了一系列的作战行动，从瓜达尔到新几内亚，直到布干维尔岛，距离拉包儿只有250英里了。终于，拉包儿被包围了。但是等待美军的是和日军连续几晚的激烈交战。   在1月下旬，“企业”号被派往了珊瑚海，去为瓜达尔岛的的登陆部队提供支援，以便最终彻底地把岛上的日军赶走。在最后的海战中，她为重巡洋舰“芝加哥”号提供空中支援。结果在1月29日“企业”号被日军的陆航鱼雷机的鱼雷击中。在第二天下午，敌军又进行了一次空袭。在这次空袭中，也就是雷纳尔岛海战中，“企业”号击落了日军来袭的12架飞机中的11架。很不幸的是至少4枚鱼雷击中了“芝加哥”号的甲板 ，给它造成了致命的伤害。 　　 　　This Air Group 6 Hellcat failed to clear the deck after being waved off a landing. Catapult officer Lieutenant Walter Chewning clambers onto a wing to pull the pilot free   第6飞行大队的泼妇战斗机由于剧烈的震动降落失败。发射军官Walter Chewning 中尉正爬上机翼去解救飞行员。 　　By the end of April, the situation in the South Pacific was such that Enterprise could finally be spared for a much needed overhaul. Departing Espiritu Santo May 1, she arrived in Pearl Harbor May 8. Hopes that she'd promptly be sailing for the States were crushed as the harbor entrance came into view, literally: a signal light flickered the message that she'd be training a new air group for the next six weeks. The six weeks eventually stretched into ten, though the strain of waiting to sail home was briefly relieved on May 27, when Enterprise received the first  ever awarded to a carrier. 　　Finally, on Bastille Day, 1943, Enterprise sailed for home, slipping into a berth in Bremerton, Washington, as dusk settled on July 20. In moments that each of the hundreds of men had anticipated for months, three large groups of men and officers were given 30 days leave, departing the ship about a month apart. Meanwhile the engineers, welders, steamfitters, metalworkers and machinists of Bremerton Navy Yard swarmed over the ship, properly repairing her many wounds, and refitting her to reflect the new realities of war. When she departed Bremerton on 1 November 1943, a new torpedo blister extended three quarters the length of her hull. Her flanks bristled with 50 20mm guns, and 40 40mm Bofors barrels: 36 more anti-aircraft guns than she had in July. Her 40mm and 5-inch guns were now coupled to radar-controlled gunfire directors, and her damage control systems were completely overhauled. The flight deck had been lengthened eighteen feet and widened by five. Below decks, more berths had been packed in for her growing crew, and her bridge had been modernized. 　　Her appearance in Pearl Harbor on November 6 reportedly caused one Admiral to declare "If Enterprise is ready to fight, so am I." She had returned to a new war. The desperate defensive battles of 1942, fought by a handful of carriers against staggering odds, were past, as the U.S. Navy prepared to embark on the most sustained naval offensive in history. Enterprise and Saratoga, the only surviving veterans of 1942, now joined over a dozen new flattops, including six new Essex-class fleet carriers. Returning to action November 19, off the Gilbert Islands, Enterprise would not return to the United States for another 560 days. In that time, she and the armada which surrounded her would carry the war to the very shores of Japan.      4月底，那太平洋的局势是这样的，“企业”号需要进行一次大修。她5月1日离开圣埃斯皮力图在5月8日到达珍珠港。原本期望她能返回本土。但是一个紧急的电报命令她在接下来的6个星期训练一个新的飞行大队。结果6个星期被延长为10周。当“企业”号第一次被判定诶航母时，已经是5月27日了，她有了短暂的放松机会。    终于在1943年的法国大革命节的时候，“企业”号回到了本土，在7月20日的黄昏她停靠在了华盛顿州布雷默顿的港口。此时很多人早就得到了消息，三群官兵得到了30天的假期。同时布雷默顿军港的工程师、焊工、等大批技术工人纷纷登上军舰进行维修，修补它在战争中的创伤，和为以后的战争作准备。当“企业”号在1943年11月1日离开布雷默顿的时候，她的甲板上增添了鱼类发射舱。并且侧弦装备了50门20毫米和40门40毫米舰炮。比起7月她来的时候，增添了36门防空火炮。她的40毫米和5英寸舰炮可以由雷达引导射击了。与此同时她的损伤已经完全修复。飞行甲板加长了18英尺，加宽了5英尺。在甲板下面为船员增加了更多的舱位。她的舰桥更加的现代化了。   据说在11月6日，当“企业”号出现在珍珠港时，引发了一位海军上将这样的感叹：“如果企业号做好了战斗准备，那么我也一样。”她正式地返回战场。像1942年那样处于劣势的防御作战已经一去不复返了。美国海军将史无前例的强大，“企业”号和“萨拉托加”号，这两艘1942年唯一幸存的老兵，现在有了一打的战友，包括6艘新型的埃塞克斯级航母。在11月19日，基尔伯特群岛的作战行动中，“企业”号将有560天远离本土作战。以后，她和舰队一起终将战火烧到日本的海岸。

"Hit hard, hit fast, hit often."        -----Admiral William F. Halsey “猛烈、快速、连续地攻击”        -----海军上将威廉.F.哈尔西。 　　On the evening of 22 January 1944, under the watchful eyes of Undersecretary of the Navy James Forrestal and Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz, an enormous striking force, designated Task Force 58, slowly filed out of Pearl Harbor and set course southwest for the Marshall Islands. Divided into four task groups - any one of which could have crushed the Japanese forces at the Eastern Solomons or Santa Cruz - the "big blue fleet" would not return to Pearl Harbor until the war's end. 　　On both sides of the Pacific, it was understood that 1944 marked the year the war would be won or lost. On both sides of the Pacific, war plans developed decades earlier were refined and then acted upon with vastly varying degrees of success. 　　The American War Plan Orange, which called for fleet to battle its way across the Pacific to relieve the Philippines in the event of a Japanese attack, became reality in 1944. But the plan had a new twist. Instead of single drive through the central Pacific, 1944 witnessed two simultaneous offensives: one commanded by General Douglas MacArthur from the south, the other led by Admirals Spruance and Mitscher through the Marshall and Marianas islands. Both drives converged on the Philippines in October. 　　Similarly, the Japanese pre-war plan, of drawing the enemy fleet into Japanese home waters, to be destroyed in a single, decisive battle, influenced their naval strategy in 1944. But while the American war plan led to incredible advances, leaps of 1000 miles at a time, the Japanese plan resulted in the utter destruction of Japan's naval forces. 　　 　　Though offensive to Americans today, this poster captured the fury and determination of the country at the height of the Second World War.     尽管美国今天遭到了攻击，但是这张海报成功地燃起了美国国民的愤怒，同时坚定了他们赢得战争的决心。 　　Like an athlete at the peak of her condition, Enterprise was tirelessly in action for the entire year. In January she raided Taroa, in the Marshall islands, and then sailed north to pound Kwajalein atoll in preparation for its occupation. In February, she launched raid after raid against Truk, Japan's feared mid-Pacific fortress, breaking her own record for the tonnage of bombs dropped in a single day, and launching the first night bombing attack in the history of naval warfare. 　　In March, she covered the Emirau landings (one of the few easy landings of the war), then steamed 1,100 miles west of Truk to bomb the Japanese defenders of the Palau atoll, including Peleliu. In April, the Big E raided Woleai, sailed to Majuro atoll for a short rest, then headed south to cover MacArthur's landings at Hollandia, on the northwest coast of New Guinea. After the landings, she once again blasted Truk, and then returned to Majuro. 　　Enterprise lay over in Majuro for most of May, then on June 6 sortied with Task Force 58 north to the Marianas Islands. In a display of military and industrial might not seen before or since, the United States threw its weight behind two massive offensives on opposite sides of the globe. Off the beaches of Normandy, the United States, Canada and England amassed an invasion force of 4,000 vessels, 110,000 vehicles and nearly three quarters of a million men, then penetrated the Atlantic Wall on D-Day: June 6, 1944. Simultaneously, in the Pacific, a fleet of 535 ships and 127,000 soldiers and Marines bore down on Guam, Saipan and Tinian: major links in Japan's inner defensive line. 　　In early June, Enterprise and the other fast carriers hammered on Japanese planes and air fields in the Marianas, and then on the landing beaches themselves, in preparation for invasion launched on June 15. 　　A few days later, in the last great carrier battle of the war - likely the last in history - Mitscher and Spruance faced off against Japanese Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, and destroyed Japan's naval air power for good. Prowling off the Marianas until July 5, Enterprise turned east for Pearl Harbor for repair, and to bring aboard a new air group: Air Group 20. 　　By the end of August, she was back in action off the Bonin islands, then Yap, Ulithi, Peleliu and Palau. After supporting the Peleliu invasion in September, she struck at the Philippines and Formosa, before taking part in the largest naval battle in history: Leyte Gulf. 　　For another month, Enterprise and Task Force 38 (renamed from Task Force 58 when Halsey relieved Spruance after the Marianas invasions) roamed off the Philippines, attacking Japanese air fields and shipping, before finally returning to Pearl Harbor on December 6. 　　When Enterprise stood out from Oahu on Christmas Eve 1944, she had been re-designated CV(N)-6. The "N" stood for "Night". Enterprise was the first fleet carrier ordered into, and capable of, around-the-clock warfare. At night, her planes would fly combat air patrols and launch strikes against the enemy; by day her flight deck was ready to receive planes and pilots too battered to return to their home carriers, to fly CAP missions during enemy attack and to provide fighter direction for the fleet. 　　For a seaman in Enterprise in the last days of 1944, it was clear that the Allies had made great strides during the preceding year: that the writing was on the wall for Germany and Japan. What he could not know was that the coming year would see the most fierce fighting, and the highest casualties, of the entire Pacific conflict. Nor could he know that 1945 would be the year that Enterprise would finally be removed forcibly from the war.   1944年1月22日夜，在海军副部长詹姆斯.弗莱斯特和舰队司令切斯特.尼米兹的注视下，一支庞大的攻击舰队缓缓驶离珍珠港，他们的目标是西南方的马绍尔群岛。这只舰队随后分成几个作战群，每一个分舰队的目标都一样，那就是肃清日本在东所罗门群岛和圣克鲁斯群岛的军事力量。“大蓝舰队”一直到战争结束才返回珍珠港。   对于太平洋战争的交战双方来说，1944年将会决定谁胜谁败。对于太平洋战争的交战双方来说，10年以前战争计划的将会是否实现，并且在很大程度上将会扮演至关重要的角色。   美军的作战计划“橘色行动”原本打算让舰队横穿太平洋来支援被日军攻击的菲律宾。而这个计划终于在1944年实现了。但是这个计划还有另外一个版本，那就是沿着太平洋中部长驱直入。1944年这两个计划同时进行：一路是麦克阿瑟将军指挥的南路军，另一路则是由海军上将斯普鲁恩斯和米契尔指挥的向马绍尔群岛和马里亚纳群岛进军。这两支大军将于10月在菲律宾会师。   与此同时日军也有一个作战计划，把敌军舰队引诱到日本近海，然后进行一场决战。这个计划决定了他们1944年的海军战略。但是当美军的作战计划进行的一场顺利，前进了1000英里的时候，日本军部的这个作战计划最终完全失败了。   像一名运动员处于运动巅峰的时刻一样，“企业”号不知疲倦地参加了全年的作战行动。在1月她到了马绍尔群岛的塔罗亚，然后向北来到了夸贾林环礁进入战备状态。2月她奔袭了日军在中太平洋的特鲁克要塞。在这次战斗中“企业”号打破了自己单天击沉敌舰总吨位的纪录。同时树立了美军海军历史上第一次夜间轰炸的纪录。   3月，她在埃米劳岛停泊，然后向西迁进1000英里到达特鲁克轰炸了日军在帕劳包括贝里琉岛在内的日军防御。在4月大E袭击了沃勒艾环礁后，在马朱罗环礁进行了短暂地休整。接着“企业”号前往新几内亚西北海岸的荷兰蒂亚为麦克阿瑟将军的登陆部队提供空中掩护。支援完登陆作战后，“企业”号又一次袭击了特鲁克，然后返回了马朱罗环礁。   整个5月“企业”号基本上都在马朱罗环礁度过，6月6日她跟随58特遣舰队向北迁往马里亚纳群岛。国家工业实力和军事力量从未如此强大的展现出来。美国把他的实力展现在地球两端的不同战线上。在D-Day这一天的诺曼底海滩上，美国、加拿大和英国集中了4000艘船只，11万台车辆和几百万人来突破大西洋防线。与此同时1944年6月6日在太平洋上，535艘军舰和12万7千人向关岛、塞班岛和天宁岛，日本内防御圈的主要防线即将被打破。 在6月上旬，“企业”号和其他快速航母不断攻击日军在马里亚纳群岛的日军飞机和机场，然后在海滩上建立自己的机场。他们计划在6月15日打算进行登陆作战。   几天后，在最后一次航母大战中米契尔和斯普鲁恩斯直接在菲律宾海战中面对日军小泽治三郎中将。在这次海战中日军的海军空中力量消灭殆尽。“企业”号在那里徘徊到7月5日，然后返回珍珠港进行修理。回来后她又带来了一个新的飞行大队：第20飞行大队。   到8月末，“企业”号参加了对小笠原群岛的作战，然后是雅浦岛、尤利缇珊瑚岛、帕劳岛和佩莱利乌岛。9月支援完佩莱利乌岛作战后，她又参加了历史上最大的海战--莱特湾海战，随后“企业”号又攻击了菲律宾和台湾。   在下个月，“企业”号和第38特遣舰队（马里亚纳作战后哈尔西接替了斯普鲁恩斯后第58特遣舰队更名为38。）在菲律宾附近巡航，攻击日军的机场和补给舰。最后在12月6日他们返回了珍珠港。   当1944年圣诞节“企业”号驶离奥阿胡岛后，她有了一个新的名字CV（N）-6，“N”代表夜晚，“企业”号是第一艘有能力进行夜间作战的航空母舰。在夜晚，她的飞机能进行起飞攻击敌军，在白天她的飞行甲板接收那些已经疲惫不堪的飞行员。   1944年的最后几天对于“企业”号的水兵来说这一年盟军取得了巨大的胜利。他不会知道在接下来的一年中他们将面对更加残酷的战斗，他们将遭受整个太平洋战争中最大的伤亡。他也不会知道在1945年“企业”号将最终被迫离开战争。

Enterprise's Number One elevator caps a 400 foot pillar of smoke and wreckage, moments after a bomb-laden Kamikaze plunged through her flight deck, May 14, 1945.     1945年5月14日，当一架装满炸药的自杀式攻击机撞向“企业”号的甲板时，她的1号升起了400英尺高的浓烟。 "You're scared and no denying it ..."        -----VT(N)-90 Squadron History, April 1945 “你们吓坏了，没有打消这种念头”        -----1945年4月第90航空母舰分队历史 　　The first Kamikaze ("Divine Wind") attacks in October 1944 changed the nature and psychology of the Pacific war. The Kamikaze - a Japanese fighter or bomber, often armed with a single large bomb, carrying enough fuel for a one-way suicidal strike - was a lethal and fearsome weapon. 　　The Kamikaze, if he succeeded in penetrating a Task Force's cruiser and destroyer screen, was far more dangerous than an ordinary bomber or torpedo plane. Though usually flown by minimally trained pilots, Kamikazes were in a sense "smart" bombs, capable of waiting for the opportune moment to strike, and keeping up with every turn of their target. If they struck a ship - and 7% did - the disintegrating plane, burning fuel and plunging engine would inflict considerable damage beyond that caused by the bomb itself. 　　The Kamikaze attack symbolized a mindset incomprehensible to most Americans. For the most part, American commanders strove to minimize casualties in their forces: suicidal attacks were virtually unheard of. But the Kamikaze attack was suicidal, was ordered by commanding officers, was part of Japan's strategy. It went beyond what American seamen understood as "fair fighting": even in war. It disoriented, it terrified, it assaulted a man's hope that he might make it home alive. 　　In the face of this threat, and with Japanese naval air power in ruins, U.S. carrier forces had three primary roles: providing air support for ground forces and landings, providing air defense for the fleet, and suppressing Japan's ground-based air forces. As a night carrier, carrying Night Air Group 90, Enterprise was particularly involved in the latter two missions. 　　Along with other carriers designated as night carriers - the light carrier Independence CVL-22, and Saratoga CV-3 - Enterprise defended the fleet from night bomber attacks, flew daytime combat air patrols, and launched nighttime strikes against enemy shipping and airfields. It was dangerous and exhausting work. Joe Hranek, crewman in Enterprise's VT(N)-90 recalls: "...I was never sure where we were until [the pilot] cut the engine and the deck lights suddenly appeared. All in all it was sheer terror." 　　Enterprise's first strikes of 1945 were against airfields on Luzon, Philippines, followed by raids into Indo-China, and five major strikes on shipping and installations along the Indo-China and South China Sea coasts. Sailing north, she pounded Formosa (Taiwan) before returning to Ulithi atoll for replenishment. Departing Ulithi on January 26 she joined Task Force 58 on the mission her men had been waiting three long years for: . Dwarfing the Doolittle raid of April 1942, the February 16-17 strikes on Tokyo involved nearly 800 Navy fighters, bombers, and torpedo planes: blasting airfields, shipping and port facilities and industrial targets in and around Tokyo. Enterprise's Night Air Group 90 (NAG-90) flew into Tokyo Bay at dusk February 16, attacking the air base at Yokosuka, tearing up planes and airfields, radio and radar installations, trains and depots. 　　 March 20, 1945: Aftermath of three near misses, and two friendly fire hits. 1945年3月20日在遭受攻击后的情景 　　Withdrawing south, Enterprise and the other carriers took up stations off , attacking nearby enemy airfields, and providing close air support for the Marines who landed on February 19. 　　If Allied victory seemed inevitable by this time, Iwo Jima, and later Okinawa, proved how Pyrrhic the victory could become. On Iwo Jima, 5931 Marines, 881 sailors and over 20,000 Japanese defenders died. Kamikaze attacks sank the escort carrier Bismarck Sea CVE-95, and knocked old Saratoga out of the war for good. Although most of TF 58's carriers pulled away from Iwo on February 23 for further strikes against Honshu, Japan, Enterprise's TG 58.5 remained behind. For a record-setting seven days and six hours between February 23 and March 2 - 174 hours total - Enterprise ran continuous air operations. Day and night, she provided air defense for the Marines on Iwo, the amphibious forces, and her own task group, and also struck at enemy airfields and shipping at Chichi Jima, to the north. Only severe weather forced the Big E to halt flight operations on March 2. The next day, round-the-clock operations resumed and continued until March 9, when Army Air Force planes flying from captured Iwo Jima airfields were able to relieve Night Air Group 90. 　　After two short days in Ulithi, Enterprise again sailed north, this time to pound airfields in Kyushu and Shikoku, in preparation for the Okinawa landings. On March 19, to the horror of every man in the fleet, the carrier Franklin CV-13 was struck by two bombs while her flight deck was full of armed and fueled planes. The resulting explosions and inferno killed 798 men. Remarkably, Franklin survived and eventually retired to the U.S. east coast for repair, but for her the war was over. 　　The next day, Enterprise herself came under attack. Throughout the day, enemy bombers and suicide planes had harassed the fleet, attacking singly or in small groups. Late in the afternoon, two 'Judy' bombers dove on the ship in separate attacks. The near misses caused no serious damage. However, in their determination to protect the Big E, other ships in her group had drawn down their anti-aircraft fire close to her flight deck. Moments after the second near miss exploded off Enterprise's starboard quarter, two 5" shells fired by another US Navy ship slammed into the Enterprise's 40mm gun tubs forward of the bridge, killing 7 and wounding 30. The spreading fires set off 20mm and 40mm shells in the gun tubs, and threatened the fueled and armed planes on the hangar deck below. After 20 minutes of fire-fighting efforts, hardly interrupted by another near miss off the port quarter, Enterprise's men had the fires under control, and 15 minutes later, out for good. 　　At Ulithi, men from repair ship Jason and Enterprise's R Division labored for ten days to patch up her wounds. On April 5, she sailed to join TF 58 off Okinawa, where the 3rd Marine Corps and XIV Army Corps had landed on April 1. On the 6th, as the Big E steamed northwest, 350 Kamikazes attacked TF 58, sinking three ships. Over the next six weeks, suicide attacks sank another 33 ships and damaged 368 others. On April 11, for the second time in less than a month, Enterprise was again attacked. Two Kamikazes crashed within yards of her, wrenching her hull, killing one, and wounding 18. 　　Again Enterprise withdrew to Ulithi for repairs by Jason's men: again, three weeks later, she returned to combat off Okinawa. On May 11, the Kamikazes returned, this time catching Admiral Marc Mitscher's flagship Bunker Hill CV-17 with a deckload of planes. Bunker Hill was still afire when Mitscher transferred his Flag to Enterprise. Striving to end the Kamikaze attacks - costing the Navy "a ship and a half a day," in Admiral Nimitz's words - on May 12 Enterprise launched a night strike against Kyushu, targeting air fields and port facilities. 　　Two days later, however, inbound Kamikazes once more began filling the fleet's radar screens shortly after sunrise. One of the planes penetrated the destroyer screen, hopping from cloud to cloud, carefully avoiding the anti-aircraft barrage and patrolling fighters. Shortly before 0700, the bomber dove on Enterprise, flipped over and plunged through Enterprise's flight deck just aft of the forward elevator. The explosion sent the 15 ton elevator rocketing 400 feet into the air, wounding 72 men and killing 12. Though the Big E never left her station or lost speed, her fighting efficiency was compromised, and on 16 May 1945, she withdrew from combat. The last carrier struck by a Kamikaze, she would not return to war. 　　Returning first to Pearl Harbor, she received a hero's welcome before sailing for "Uncle Sugar" - the United States - two days later, flying an enormous 578 ft pennant: one foot for every day since she'd left Bremerton in November 1943. Once again in Bremerton, she was repaired and overhauled: she was moored to Pier 6 in Puget Sound Navy Yard when Japan surrendered on 14 August 1945. 　　 Enterprise pulls away from Southampton, England, on December 13, 1945.   1945年12月13离开英格兰南安普敦的“企业”号 　　Enterprise returned to Pearl Harbor in September, then sailed on September 25 with her new Night Air Group 55, bound for New York via the Panama Canal. This was the first of four "Magic Carpet" voyages she'd complete that fall and winter. From Pearl, she carried 1141 passengers, including hospital patients and repatriated prisoners of war. 　　She rejoined the fleet in New York Harbor October 17, for the Navy Day celebration on October 27. By this time, her story, and the crucial role she'd played again and again in the Pacific war, were public knowledge and for two weeks the Big E was the center of the city's attention. Her name was emblazoned across  - "The Big E, Fightin'est Carrier, In!" Moored to Pier 26 on the Hudson River, she welcomed over a quarter million visitors, and rendered "passing honors" to President Truman when he inspected the ships at anchor on the 27th. That afternoon, Enterprise's Navy Band #51 led the World War II Victory Parade - and thousands of United States sailors, soldiers and Marines - down New York City's Avenue of the Americas. After nightfall, Night Air Group 55 flew in formation, fully alight, to salute the fleet and the Big E herself. 　　Recognition of her greatness did not end there. Tying up briefly in Southampton, England, on her November Magic Carpet voyage, Enterprise became the first - and to date only - ship outside the Royal Navy ever awarded that Navy's highest honor: the Admiralty Pennant. On that voyage, she carried 4668 servicemen home from Europe; on her next voyage, she carried another 4413 military passengers from Southampton, arriving in New York on . Her last Magic Carpet voyage took her to the Azores, where she picked up 3557 passengers, including 212 WACS, returning to New York January 17, 1946. The next day she moored at Bayonne, New Jersey: a proud ship, but never to sail under her own power again.     第一次自杀式（神风突击队）攻击发生在1944年10月。从此，太平洋战争的本质和双方士兵心理都发生了重大改变。自杀式飞机是日本由战斗机或者轰炸机改装的。通常这种飞机带一颗大的炸弹，油量只能单程飞行。不管怎么说这种飞机都是一种致命和可怕的武器。   一架自杀飞机如果成功地突破了特混舰队巡洋舰和驱逐舰的防空圈的话，它远比一架普通的轰炸机或者鱼雷机要危险。自杀飞机通常是由缺乏经验的飞行员驾驶，因此它某种意义上说是一种“灵巧炸弹”，而且它能够选择好的机会进行攻击，能够追踪目标的每一个动向。如果神风机击中了目标（成功率大约为7％），解体的飞机，燃烧的油料和飞散的引擎会造成损伤远比炸弹爆炸的威力大得多。   自杀攻击机是大部分美国是无法理解的。通常，美国指挥官会尽力减少己方的伤亡，事实上从未使用过自杀性的攻击。而在军官指挥下的自杀攻击神风突击队则是日本战略的一部分。这超过了美国水兵心目中的“公平战争”的承受能力。甚至在战争中，它使得一个人应该尽可能活着回家的希望变得迷惑、恐惧和渺茫。   面对这种威胁，同时还有日本海军已经基本毁灭的情况下，美军航母的任务成了以下三项：为地面和登陆部队提供空中掩护，为舰队提供空中防御，压制日本的陆航空兵。作为装载着第90夜航大队的夜航航母，“企业”号主要参与了后两项任务。   和其他被指定的夜航航母比如CVL-22轻型航母“独立”号和CV-3“萨拉托加”号一起，“企业”号主要为舰队提供对夜间轰炸机攻击防御，白天进行空中战斗巡逻，夜间攻击敌方船只和机场。这都是危险和疲劳的工作。“企业”号上的一个名为Joe Hranek成员回忆说“直到引擎关掉，甲板灯亮起，我都不知道我们到底在哪里。这一切完全是令人恐怖。”   1945年“企业”号的第一次任务是对吕宋岛上的机场进行攻击，然后是对印度支那半岛的袭击，接着沿着印度支那和南中国海的海岸线对船只和设施进行了五次较大的攻击。然后她在向北航行袭击了台湾岛后，“企业”号回到乌里锡环礁进行补给。1月26日，“企业”号驶离乌里锡环礁后加入第58特混舰队，他们要进行船员们已经盼望了三年的任务。这次空袭使得杜立特在1942年4月的空袭相形见拙。2月16日和17日，近800架海军战斗机，轰炸机和鱼雷机参加了对东京的空袭。它们轰炸了东京市内外的机场，船只，港口设施和工业设施等目标。“企业”号的第90夜间大队在2月16日黄昏飞入东京湾，攻击了横须贺的空军基地，摧毁了飞机，机场，无线电，雷达设备，火车和机库。   随后“ 企业”号和其他航母撤向南方，在硫黄岛外进入战备状态。它们攻击邻近的日本机场，并为2月19日登陆的海军陆战队提供空中支援。   在同盟国即将获得最终的胜利的时候，硫黄岛和后来的冲绳岛显示了胜利到来最终到来的时候是何等的艰难。在硫黄岛，5931名海军陆战队，881名水手，以及20000多名日本士兵丧生。神风突击队击沉了CVE-95护航航母“俾斯麦海”号，并且重伤了老“萨拉托加”号，使它永远退出了战场。虽然第58特混舰队的大部分航母在2月23日对本州岛进行进一步的袭击，“企业”号却被留了下来。作为一项记录，从2月23日到3月2日，“企业”号连续作战共达7天零6小时（共174小时）。它昼夜不停地掩护岛上的陆战队员，两栖部队和它自己所在编队，还要打击北方的小笠原群岛的机场和船只。直到3月2日，糟糕的天气才中止了大E的不知疲倦的起降作业。第二天，“企业”号不分昼夜的空中行动再次开始，直到3月9日，美国陆航航空队的飞机可以从被占领的硫黄岛的机场出发执行任务。第90夜航联队才得以停止任务。   在乌里锡环礁休息了两天后，“企业”号再次驶向北方。这次，它要袭击九州岛和四国岛上的机场，为对冲绳岛的登陆作准备。3月19日，发生了一件令舰队的每个人都感到恐怖的事情，当CV-13“富兰克林”号飞行甲板上停满了满载燃油和武器的飞机时，她被两颗炸弹击中。然后引发的大爆炸导致798人死亡。但是，“富兰克林”号奇迹般地存活了下来，并且最终驶回了美国东海岸进行修理，但它的战争也就此结束了。   第二天，“企业”号自己也遭到了攻击。整整一天，日本轰炸机和自杀飞机都以单机或小群骚扰着舰队。下午晚些时候，两架D4Y彗星飞机先后对“企业”号进行了俯冲攻击，但由于偏离目标并没有造成严重损伤。然而，为了保护大E，编队里的其它舰只的防空炮火角度压得很低以至于太靠近“企业”号的飞行甲板。在第二枚炸弹偏离目标在“企业”号右舷爆炸后不久，两颗其它舰只发射的5英寸防空炮弹射入了“企业”号舰桥前方的40毫米防空弹药库，导致7死30伤30。散布开来的火焰引燃了弹药库里的20毫米和40毫米炮弹，并且威胁到了下方飞行甲板上的加载了燃油和弹药的飞机。在20分钟的抢救后，期间还被一次对左舷的偏离目标的攻击打断，“企业”号的船员控制了火势，又过了15分钟，他们扑灭了大火。   在乌里锡环礁，修理船维修人员苦干了10天修补好了“加森”号和“企业”号的伤势。4月5日，“企业”号加入了在冲绳岛外的第58特混舰队。在那里第3海军陆战队军和陆军第14军已在4月1日登陆。4月6日，正当大E向西北方航行时，350架自杀飞机攻击了第58特混舰队，3艘军舰被击沉。在接下来的6个星期中，自杀飞机击沉了33艘舰船，击伤368艘。4月11日，不到一个月的时间里，“企业”号遭到第二次袭击。两架神风机坠毁在离它几码的地方，造成了船体扭曲，1人死亡，18人受伤。   “企业”号再一次返回乌里锡环礁由Jason号修理。三个星期后，它再次投入冲绳岛的战斗。5月11日，神风突击队又一次袭击舰队，这次海军上将马克.米契尔的旗舰CV-17“邦克山”号被击中了，当时“邦克山”号的甲板上停满了飞机。当米契尔上将将他的将旗转移到“企业”号上时，他的旗舰还在燃烧。为了中止神风突击队的攻击――尼米兹上将的话是“每天海军损失一艘半条船”――“企业”号在5月12日对九州岛的机场和设备进行了一次夜间空袭。   即使这样，两天之后的早上，舰队的雷达嫂米屏幕上又一次布满了来袭的神风突击队。一架飞机突破了驱逐舰的防护圈，在云间躲避着防空炮火和巡逻的战斗机。在快7：00的时候，这架自杀机向“企业”号俯冲，撞入前升降机后的飞行甲板。爆炸把15吨重的升降机抛到400英尺高的空中，并且造成了12人死亡，72人受伤。虽然大E并没有丧失动力和减速，但作战能力大大降低了。1945年5月16日，它退出战斗返航。作为最后一艘遭到神风机撞击的航母，她再也没有返回战场。     返回珍珠港时，她受到了英雄般的欢迎。两天后，“企业”号启程返回美国本土，一条578英尺长的巨大旗帜飘扬在“企业号”上：每一英尺都代表着1943年11月她离开布赖默顿的每一天。还是在布雷默顿船厂，“企业”号又进行了一次大修。当1945年8月14日日本投降的消息传来的时候，她正停泊在普吉特湾海军船厂的6号码头。   “企业”号在9月返回珍珠港。9月25日她载着新的第55夜航联队通过巴拿马运河驶向纽约。这是它在秋冬完成的四次“魔毯”航行中的第一次。她从珍珠港，载运了包括医院里的伤员和被解救的战俘在内的1141名乘客。   “企业”号在纽约于10月17日重新加入舰队，准备在27日参加海军节的庆典。到此时，“企业”号的故事和在太平洋战争中的关键作用已是人人皆知，整整两周里，大E都是整座城市关注的焦点，她的名字出现在报纸的头条：“企业”号，头号航母，进港！“企业”号停泊在哈德逊河第26码头接受了数百万人的参观并在27日接受了杜鲁门总统的检阅。在这天下午，“企业”号的海军第51军乐队引导了二战胜利大游行，数千名水手，水兵和陆战队员参加了纽约大街上的游行。夜幕降临后，夜航55联队开着全部航行灯列队向“企业”号致敬。   对它的表彰到此还未结束。在11月的“魔毯”行动中，“企业”号在英国南安普敦荣获了皇家海军历史上唯一一次颁发给外国军舰的最高荣誉――海军旗帜。此次航行，它从欧洲带着4668人回国。在下一次旅程中，它又从南安普敦带回4413名军人，回到纽约。最后一次“魔毯”航行是从亚速尔群岛带回了3557人，包括212名女性。这次她在1946年1月17日回到纽约。第二天，它在新泽西的巴永内港停泊。这艘骄傲的军舰再也没有参加过作战。

"...the one ship that most nearly symbolizes the history of the Navy in this war."        -----Secretary of the Navy, James V. Forrestal “...这是一条几乎象征着二战中整个海军历史的军舰”        -----海军部长，杰姆斯.佛瑞斯特 　　Enterprise languished at her Bayonne, New Jersey moorage for twelve and a half years. Though she never went to sea again, she remained in active service until February 17, 1947 when she was decommissioned, and reclassified as a unit in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. As a reserve unit she was redesignated CVA-6 (attack carrier) in October 1952, and then CVS-6 (anti-submarine carrier) on August 8, 1953. While "young" for a capital ship, she had been rendered obsolete by the rapid development of naval aviation during and after the war. She could not economically be modernized to handle the heavier, faster planes coming in to service. (The Big E served for nine years. In comparison, her namesake, the nuclear-powered , commissioned in 1961, is expected to have an active duty life of 50 years.) 　　With Enterprise in mothballs, a number of efforts were made to preserve her for public exhibit. The first attempt came in 1946, when she was proposed for donation to New York State. Three years later, the San Francisco Museum of Science and Industry suggested exhibiting her at Treasure Island Naval Air Station, in San Francisco Bay. The Navy declined the offer, citing the cost of transferring the ship and maintaining her afterwards. 　　No further attempts were made until October 1956, when the Navy released a list of ships it could no longer afford to mothball. The list included Enterprise, as well as several of the great battleships that had fought at her side: North Carolina, South Dakota and Washington. 　　Though many years had passed since the last effort to preserve her had failed, Enterprise had not been forgotten. In 1954, several of her former crewmembers formed the , holding their first reunion that year in Chicago, Illinois. In 1956, Enterprise received a number of special visitors. Rear Admiral Thomas Kinkaid, who'd flown his flag from her in 1942 at the , held his retirement ceremony on her hangar deck. That same year, 350 Enterprise Association members attended a reunion at New York's Astor Hotel, the highlight of which was a visit to the Big E at her Bayonne moorage. 　　When the Navy announced it could no longer maintain Enterprise, the Association stepped forward to save her. Launching a publicity drive and aided by Enterprise's old friend, Admiral William F. Halsey, the Association succeeded in passing a resolution through Congress to establish Enterprise as a national memorial in Washington, DC. But the resolution had a catch: the Association had to assume full fiscal responsibility for maintaining Enterprise, and was given just six months to raise the initial two million dollars needed to move and preserve the ship. 　　 August 21, 1958: The Big E is pushed past the Brooklyn Bridge, and into oblivion. 1958年8月21日：大企被拖过布鲁克林大桥，进入被遗忘的旅程 　　For a nation eager to forget the terrible wars and depression of the first half of the century, excited by the developing space race, and not yet appreciative of the historic value of the war's great combatants, it was too much in too short a time. The Association, recognizing the impossibility of saving the ship, sought a compromise with the Navy. 　　An agreement was reached between Secretary of the Navy Thomas S. Gates, and the Enterprise Association. The Association would abandon its drive to save the ship, allowing the Navy to sell her for scrap, relieving it of the cost of continuing to mothball her. In return, the Navy promised to name the first nuclear-powered carrier (then in construction) "Enterprise", dedicate the Elevator Tower at the Navy-Marine Corps Stadium in Annapolis in Enterprise's name in exchange for a $10,000 sponsorship from the Association, and donate to the Association any parts of Enterprise suitable for inclusion in a memorial to the carrier. All but one of these promises were kept: Enterprise's distinctive tripod mast, which was to be mounted atop the Elevator Tower, was ultimately discarded. 　　Enterprise's demise caused much hurt and anger for many who served in her. And while it may not have been clear then, it is now: Enterprise was a unique national and historical treasure, and the country is poorer for her not being preserved. The last surviving prewar carrier (Saratoga was destroyed by an atomic bomb test in 1946), the only carrier to fight at Pearl Harbor, the only surviving carrier from Midway and the Guadalcanal campaign, the ship which at one point was the only U.S. carrier left to fight in the Pacific, Enterprise was one of a handful of truly great ships in history: Constitution, Victory, Constellation, Enterprise. 　　Still, there were those who felt that Enterprise's greatness was more than could be preserved by simply preserving the ship: it was the efficiency and fighting spirit of her men, the blessing of Fortune, her knack for being where she was needed most, and the affection and respect she instilled in all who served with her. Alvin Kernan writes in "Crossing The Line": 　　"...I couldn't bear to think of her sitting around in some backwater, being exploited in unworthy ways, invaded by hordes of tourists with no sense of her greatness. Better by far, I thought, to leave her to memory of those who had served on her when she was fully alive, vibrating under full steam at thirty-two knots, the aircraft turning up, guns firing, heeling over so sharply that the hangar deck took on water to avoid the bombs." 　　Having served the State, Enterprise - CV-6, the Big E, the Galloping Ghost, "the carrier that fought the most throughout the entire war" - was sold for scrap on July 1, 1958. 　　By March of 1960, she was gone. 企业号战后在新泽西州的Bayonne锚地苦守了十二年半的时光。虽然它再也没有出海，但它仍保留在现役中直至1947年2月17日。此后它退出现役，成为大西洋后备役舰队的一部分。作为一艘后备役舰船，它在1952年10月被重新编号为CVA－6（攻击航母），后来在1953年8月又改为CVS－6（反潜航母）。虽然作为主力舰来说它还算“年轻”，但面对战时和战后海军航空兵的飞速发展，它已经显得过时了。对它进行现代化改造以适应更重更快的飞机是不经济的。（大E只服了9年的现役。而形成对比的是，下一艘“企业”号CVN－65在1961年入役，估计将活跃50年之久。） 当企业号被封存时，有很多企图保留它作公共展出的努力。第一次尝试是在1946年，它被提议赠送给纽约州。三年后，旧金山科技馆建议在旧金山湾的财宝岛海军航空站展出企业号。海军拒绝了这些建议，理由是转移和保存这艘航母的费用太高。 此后没有进一步的保护企业号的尝试。直至1956年10月，海军宣布不再维持许多舰船的封存。这份名单里包括了企业号，还有许多功勋卓著的军舰，如北卡罗来纳号，南达科他号和华盛顿号战列舰。 尽管最后一次保存企业号的失败的努力已经过去了很多年，但是企业号至今仍没有被遗忘。在1954年，一些原来企业号的成员组织成立了“企业号CV－6联合会”，并且在这一年，于芝加哥举行了第一次聚会。在1956年，企业号接待了许多特殊的参观者。曾经在1942年的圣卡鲁斯海战中在企业号上升起将旗的托马斯.金凯德海军少将在它的甲板上举行了自己的退役典礼。同年，350名企业号的前成员参加了在纽约的Astor Hotel的聚会，并且参观了企业号。 当海军宣布不再保存企业号时，企业号协会开始尽力挽救它。他们展开了一场公关活动并且得到了企业号的老朋友――威廉.哈尔西海军五星上将的帮助。他们成功地使国会通过一项决议，将企业号作为在华盛顿特区的一处国家纪念物。但这项决议有一个附加条件，企业号协会必须负起保存企业号的经济开支，并且在六个月内支付最初的200万美元用于转移和保护这条航母。 但是在那个时候，整个国家都急于忘却二十世纪上半世纪的可怕的战争和经济危机，而且被新的太空计划所吸引，他们已经不再对二战中这些功勋战舰的历史价值感兴趣了。在这么短的时间里，不可能筹集到这么多资金。协会认识到不可能挽救企业号了，于是开始寻求和海军达成妥协。 最后企业号协会和海军部长托马斯.盖茨达成了协议。协会放弃了挽救企业号的努力，同意海军将其解体以节约封存经费。作为回报，海军将把开工的世界上第一艘核动力航空母舰命名为“企业号”，在获得协会的10000美元捐款后，把安纳波利斯的海军体育场的升降塔命名为“企业”，并且允许协会从企业号上拆下可以用来作为纪念的部件。但是后来，本应该装到升降塔顶的企业号的三角桅被废弃了。 企业号的毁灭伤透了许多曾经在它上面服役的人的心。今天看来很清楚，企业号是特殊的国家和历史纪念物，但当年国家亏待了它，没有保留它。最后一艘留存的战前建成的航母，唯一一艘在珍珠港战斗过的航母，唯一一艘在中途岛和瓜达卡纳尔战役中幸存的航母，一度是美国唯一战斗在太平洋的航母，它应当属于历史上最伟大的战舰之列：宪法号，胜利号，星座号和企业号。那些曾经在企业号上战斗的人们的勇敢和伟大同样值得纪念。 曾经为国家英勇战斗的企业号，CV－6，大E，飞驰的幽灵，“在战争中参加过最多战斗的航母”，在1958年7月1日被出售给Lipsett公司解体。 1960 年3月，企业号永远逝去了。

The Ship 　　 　　Three views of Enterprise CV-6, from 1938 to 1944, courtesy of Gordon G. Buttars. Click an image for an enlarged sketch of how the carrier appeared in 1938, 1942 and 1944. 戈登G巴塔斯绘制的“企业”号1938年到1944年的三张两视图。点击放大1938年、1942年和1944年航母的变化。 　　Enterprise CV-6 was the second of the three Yorktown-class carriers. One of the most successful warship designs in history, the Yorktown-class carriers were built with the experience gained from earlier carrier designs: Lexington CV-2 and Saratoga CV-3, which were built on converted battle-cruiser hulls, and Ranger CV-4, the first US carrier specifically designed as a carrier.   CV-6“企业”号是第二艘约克城级航母。历史上最成功的战舰之一。约克城级航母的建造很大程度上借鉴了早期航母的经验。比如由战列巡洋舰改装的CV-2“列克星顿”号和CV-3“萨拉托加”号，以及美国海军最早的一艘航母CV-4“巡游者”号。 　　Enterprise, and her sister ships Yorktown CV-5 and Hornet CV-8, while of a third smaller displacement than Lexington and Saratoga, could carry practically the same number of aircraft, and 30% more aviation fuel. In other words, they could deliver the same offensive punch more times, and more efficiently. The Yorktown-class carriers were exceptionally seaworthy, and more maneuverable than their predecessors. In keeping with American carrier doctrine, they sacrificed armor and guns to maximize the number of attack planes carried. Yet, with hundreds of watertight internal compartments, they were also capable of surviving terrific battle damage.   “企业”号和她的姊妹舰CV-5“约克城”号以及CV-8“大黄蜂”号比“列克星顿”号和“萨拉托加号”略小。但是他们运载的飞机基本上相等，而且多装载了30%的航空燃油。换句话说，他们能够进行同样猛烈的打击并且次数更多，更有效。约克城级航母比起他们的前辈来更加适于航行，有着更加牢靠的操作性。他们秉承了美国海军的传统，牺牲了装甲和隔离舱来装载最大数量的飞机。不过有着上百个密封舱的他们，也能承受得住遭受猛烈打击。 　　Perhaps their primary weakness as designed was vulnerability to torpedo attack. Both Yorktown (at Midway) and Hornet (at Santa Cruz) were severely damaged by Japanese torpedoes, though it's worth noting that both ships put up considerable resistance to actually sinking afterwards. It is also noteworthy that of the all the US fleet carriers to serve in the Pacific in the first year of the war, Enterprise was the only one not to be struck by an enemy torpedo ... and near the end of that first year, she was also the only battle-ready US fleet carrier. As part of her 1943 refit at Bremerton, Washington, Enterprise acquired a torpedo blister along three quarters of her hull, above and below waterline.   也许他们最大的弱点就像传说中的那样容易被鱼雷击中。“约克城”号（在中途岛）和“大黄蜂”号（在圣克鲁斯）都是被日本的鱼雷炸成重伤的。虽然有记录证明这两艘航母在防御方面作了不少的努力。值得注意的是美军的所有航母在太平洋战争的第一年没有任何损失。“企业”号是唯一一艘没有被敌军鱼雷攻击的航母。战争开始的第一年，她也是唯一一艘进入战备状态的航母。1943年当她返回华盛顿州布雷默顿维修的时候，“企业”号在她的吃水线下方的三个地方装备了鱼雷防护装置。 　　Her war-time modifications also reflected the nature of the Pacific war. After the tremendous carrier battles of 1942, it was clear that anti-aircraft protection was a vital component of any surface ship's armament. By the end of 1943, Enterprise and most other combatants in the US fleet bristled with 20mm and Bofors 40mm anti-aircraft guns, two of the most effective anti-aircraft weapons of the war. Radar-controlled fire directors for both the 5" and 40mm guns - added in 1943 - gave Enterprise the ability to beat back attacking aircraft in all weather, day or night.   她的改装也反映了太平洋战争的性质。经过1942年的残酷战斗后，每艘船的防空武器明显变的重要起来。1943年底，“企业”号和大部分战舰一样都增添了20mm和40mm博福斯防空炮。这两种高炮都是战争中最有效的防空武器。1943年还增加了由雷达来进行火力引导的5英寸和40mm高炮。这些都使得“企业”号能进行全天候的防空。

All Hands Enterprise's extraordinary record can be attributed to three main factors. First, as a Yorktown-class carrier, she was blessed with a highly effective design. Fast, efficient, and maneuverable, she easily outperformed her predecessors, and held her own with the Essex-class carriers introduced in 1943. Second, on more than one occasion, Fortune was by her side. Had her task force not been slowed by a storm in December 1941, she would have been docked in Pearl Harbor on December 7, and a prime target for the Japanese attack. Had her Air Group Commander Wade McClusky not spotted a lone enemy destroyer speeding northwest at Midway, that battle might well have ended in a Japanese victory as lopsided as the eventual American triumph. More than anything else, however, Enterprise's historic legacy is due to the men who served in her. Even a partial roll-call reads like a Who's Who of the Pacific War. Vice Admiral William F. Halsey flew his Flag from her on the early, daring raids against Wake and the Marshalls, as well as the Doolittle Raid. From her bridge, Vice Admiral Raymond Spruance commanded Enterprise and Hornet at Midway. Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher's Flag flew from her when she was Kamikazied off Kyushu, in May 1945. Medal of Honor recipient Edward "Butch" O'Hare commanded her Air Group Six in late 1943, before dying tragically during the United States' first carrier-based night fighter mission: an ultimately successful tactic developed largely by O'Hare and Air Officer Tom Hamilton, and later refined by Bill Martin, commander of VT-10 and Night Air Group Ninety. Wade McClusky, Earl Gallaher, Richard Best and Gene Lindsey - all heroes of Midway - flew from her deck that June 4th morning. Edward "Butch" O'Hare The list continues, of those whose spirit was imprinted on Enterprise and on her men: Robin Lindsey, Daniel "Dog" Smith, William "Killer" Kane, Stanley "Swede" Vejtasa, John Crommelin, James "Jimmy" Flatley, James Ramage, Bruno Gaido, Osborne Hardison, Herschel Smith. And then there were the thousands of "ordinary" men, who led otherwise quiet lives, but who in a way seldom seen in this day and age, put their plans and dreams on hold, their lives in jeopardy, and turned out to squarely face a lethal foe, and an assault on their values. As many as 30,000 men served in the Big E during her nine years of active service. Among them were 103 enlisted men and one officer who earned all 20 Battle Stars awarded to Enterprise and her men, as well as "plank owners" and others in her pre-war crew who brought the Big E to maturity, ready to fight from the first day of the war. These men created in Enterprise a spirit which made her one of the most successful and beloved warships in history: a living legend and a symbol of American resolve in every task force in which she sailed.   “企业”号有这么辉煌的战绩有三个原因。首先，作为一艘约克城级航母，她有着一流的设计，速度快，效率高，可操作性能好。她能轻而易举地超越前辈，并且在1943年和埃塞克斯级航母一起并肩作战。   其次，在广阔的大洋上，她有着好的运气。在1941年12月的偷袭中，作为被攻击的主要目标，她免受战火并能在12月7日平安返回珍珠港。她的飞行大队指挥官在中途岛西北挫败了日军的进攻，终结了日军的神话，并且使得美军大获全胜。   另外，“企业”号的历史遗产还归功于在战舰上服役的人们。以及那些精通于太平洋战争的人们。海军中将威廉F哈尔西在早期就把她作为旗舰，在威克岛和马绍尔群岛以及杜立特空袭中。从她的舰桥上，海军中将Raymond Spruance 指挥“企业”号和“大黄蜂”号在中途岛作战。在1945年5月九州之战中，麦克阿瑟将军的占企业曾经在“企业”号上飘扬。在1943年底，她的第6飞行大队指挥官王牌飞行员Edward "Butch" O'Hare 获得了荣誉勋章。1943 年 11 月 26 日晚到 27 日凌晨第一次采夜战作战中，他牺牲了。但是O'Hare和Tom Hamilton发明的夜间作战最终获得了成功。并且由VT-10的夜间第90大队指挥官Bill Martin发挥到了极致。Wade McClusky, Earl Gallaher, Richard Best 和 Gene Lindsey 这些中途岛的英雄们在6月4日早晨从她的甲板上开始了辉煌的战斗一生。   这个光荣的名单一直延续着，记载着“企业”号和她的船员们的精神：Robin Lindsey, Daniel "Dog" Smith, William "Killer" Kane, Stanley "Swede" Vejtasa, John Crommelin, James "Jimmy" Flatley, James Ramage, Bruno Gaido, Osborne Hardison, Herschel Smith.       还有那些成千的普通水兵们，他们默默的工作，很少人知道他们在那个年代的勇敢事迹。他们把梦想和他们的生命放置于危难之间，从容地面对凶恶的敌人，在战斗中实现他们的价值。在9年的时间里，有3000人在大E上服役。他们中间有103人和一名军官为“企业”号和船员们挣得了20枚作战之星勋章。他们使得大E更加成熟稳健，从容地面对战争的第一天。   这些船员们把“企业”号塑造成了历史上最成功、最可爱的军舰：在每一次作战任务中，她都是一个活着的传说和美国人坚韧的象征。

Decorations荣誉 　　 　　Enterprise's exploits did not go unrecognized, at home or abroad. Over the course of the war, she received 20 battle stars, three more than any other ship (sisterships New Orleans CA-32, Minneapolis CA-36 and San Francisco CA-38 each received 17 battle stars), and seven more than the next carrier (Essex CV-9, which received 13 stars).         In May 1943, while she prepared to return to the States for much needed repair and refitting, Enterprise became the first aircraft carrier to be awarded the Presidential Unit Citation. She later received a Navy Unit Commendation, becoming the only carrier awarded both decorations for service in the Second World War.       Perhaps her two most prestigious tributes were received after she left the war. In August 1945, Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal cited Enterprise as the "one vessel that most nearly symbolizes the history of the Navy in this war." Two months later, following the Navy Day celebration in New York in October 1945, Secretary Forrestal recommended to President Truman that Enterprise, unable to operate the heavier, faster aircraft then entering service, be preserved "as a visible symbol of American valor and tenacity in war, and of our will to fight all enemies who assail us...."       Later that fall, while participating in the Magic Carpet program for returning servicemen to state-side from the European theater, Enterprise docked in Southampton, England on November 23, 1945. During her brief stay, she was boarded by the British First Lord of the Admiralty, Sir Albert Alexander, who presented Enterprise a British Admiralty Pennant, the most prestigious decoration of the Royal Navy. Enterprise is the only ship outside the Royal Navy to have received the pennant, in the more than 400 years since its creation. Enterprise and her veterans, included among the 16 ships and 10,000 sailors, airmen and Marines who took part in the Doolittle Raid in April 1942, were officially recognized for their daring exploit just recently, on May 15, 1995. The Task Force 16 Citation is the most recent decoration awarded Enterprise and her veterans: it may not be the last.       “企业”号的战绩从来没有被国内外所忽视。战争结束时，她获得了20颗战斗之星勋章。比其他任何的军舰都至少多3颗（姊妹舰CA-32“新奥尔良”号，CA-36“明尼亚波利斯”号和CA-38“旧金山”号每艘都获得了17颗战斗之星勋章。）比下列军舰多7颗（CV-9埃塞克斯级有13颗）。     在1943年5月，她准备返回美国本土进行维修和改装。“企业”号称为了被总统第一个颁发荣誉的航空母舰。随后他获得了海军部门的赞扬，成为了二次大战中唯一获此殊荣的航空母舰。     也许是因为她获得这两个最高的荣誉是在离开战争之后的缘故。在1945年8月，海军部长James Forrestal 赞扬“企业”号为“海军在这场战争中最有代表性的军舰”两个月后，1945年10月在纽约举行的海军节上， Forrestal部长向杜鲁门总统说“企业”号不能良好的运转，需要进行维修。“她代表了美国人在战争中面对敌人时的勇气、韧劲和我们的意志”。     在秋末，1945年11月23日的英格兰，“企业”号停靠在南安普敦港，参加为从欧洲战场凯旋而归的战士们进行的欢庆会。在她短暂的逗留期间，英国海军大臣Albert Alexander爵士参观了“企业”号。他还在“企业”号上升起了英国的海军旗帜，这可是英国皇家海军最高荣誉的旗帜。“企业”号是英国皇家海军建军4000年以来唯一拥有这面荣誉旗帜的外国军舰。     “企业”号和他的退伍军人，包括参加了1942年4月参加杜立特空袭的16艘军舰和1万名水兵、航空兵以及潜艇最近接受了官方的表彰。在1995年5月15日，政府表彰了他们的勇敢行为。“企业”号最后一次获得的荣誉表明：这还没有结束。

Remembering Enterprise“企业”号的回忆 "Just as Enterprise deserves not to be forgotten, so too should her era not be forgotten." “像企业号的荣誉不会被忘记一样，她的时代也不会被忘记” 　　Enterprise left an indelible mark on the course of the Pacific War, and on the hearts of the men who served in her. Although the campaign to preserve Enterprise herself met with failure, her memory and spirit have been preserved in myriad ways, largely through the efforts of her former crew and air groups.   “企业”号在太平洋战争中留下了不可磨灭的印记，并且她留在了为她服役的每一个人的心中。纵然在战役中遇到过失败，她的历史和精神通过她的成员和航空兵流传了下来。 Memorials and Relics Flags 记录和神圣旗帜   Two flags known to have flown from Enterprise's mast still survive to the present day. Her battle flag at Santa Cruz (26 October 1942) was later presented to Landing Signal Officer LT Robin Lindsey for his exemplary performance that day, and is now on display in the USS Enterprise CV-6 exhibit at the National Museum of Naval Aviation, in Pensacola, Florida.　　   “企业”号桅杆上著名的旗帜时至今天还有两面保存着。她在圣克鲁兹（1942年10月26日）的战旗在那一天作为表彰授予了预警军官Robin Lindsey。现在这面旗帜陈列于佛罗里达彭萨卡拉海军航空兵国家纪念馆。     　　The Big E's Commissioning Day flag, as displayed in Fall 1999, in Phoenix's professional baseball stadium.   大E交付使用时的旗帜，展示于1999年秋天，凤凰城的专业棒球中心     Enterprise Stern Plate企业号尾部标志     The difficult task of dismantling Enterprise was directed by W. Henry Hoffman. An engineer with an appreciation of history, Hoffman took over 150 photographs of Enterprise before and during her scrapping, and also took possession of the stern plate from her fantail: a massive steel work, 16 feet long, which proudly proclaimed the ship's name in raised letters. Hoffman donated the plate - the only major remaining piece of Enterprise's hull - to the township of River Vale, New Jersey, where for many years it was displayed behind the center field fence of a Little League ballfield.     On 2 October 2000, the stern plate - having been sandblasted and repainted - was placed in River Vale's Veterans Park - its new, permanent home - where a dedication ceremony was held 9 December 2000.   由W亨利 霍夫曼下令拆除。作为历史鉴定专家，霍夫曼  拍摄了超过150张企业号换装前后的照片。而且拥有它尾部标志的所有权：一个巨大的钢制部件，16英尺长，上面刻有“企业”号名字的字母。霍夫曼把这块“企业”号剩下的涂装捐赠给了新泽西州的河谷镇。多少年以来，这块牌子一直放置在一个小球场中央围栏的后面。   在2000年10月2日，这块船尾牌经过重新喷漆和修复，放置在了河谷镇各公园里。 　　 Enterprise's stern plate in its current location in River Vale, New Jersey. Photo courtesy Mel Hofer (pictured). “企业”号的尾部标志 Ship's Bell and Anchor 船铃和船锚      In 1950, the United States Naval Academy, with the assistance of then-Superintendent Admiral Harry W. Hill, took possession of the Enterprise ship's bell. The bell is now stationed in front of Bancroft Hall, in a mount donated by the Academy Class of 1921, and rung when the Academy observes Morning Colors, and to celebrate sports team victories over rival Army.     One of Enterprise's 15-foot tall anchors is on exhibit in the Washington Naval Yard, in Washington, DC, and maintained by the Naval Historical Center.   1950年，美国海军学院在哈里W希尔的帮助下得到了“企业”号的船铃。这个铃铛现在还在Bancroft走廊的前面，这个走廊在1921年就建成了。现在这个铃现在被用来作为早晨的铃声，和庆祝运动会上海军体育队战胜陆军体育队。   “企业”号一条15英尺高的巨锚陈列于首都华盛顿的华盛顿海军码头，作为美国海军历史的重中之重。 　　   Enterprise CV-6 Ship's Bell Enterprise's ship's bell, in Annapolis, Maryland. “企业”号的船铃，安娜玻利斯，马里兰州。

原文来源链接：http://www.cv6.org/