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四面楚歌之中国篇 未来世界之新格局之九

(2009-07-19 22:20:37) 下一个

谈到新能源和新材料,就不得不对中国的铁矿石的头痛说几句。

看着中国钢铁行业的混乱,已经不是一年两年了。可以说自从宝钢上马以后,中国在钢铁行业的发展上,从来就没有一个清晰的方向。问题成堆,在于产业集成化程度低,产能过剩,而且中小钢厂成堆。在海外资源上,先是进取精神不够,后来是进取能力不高。然后加上内部人士被人挖角,被策反的内奸太多,结果是空有一个庞大的需求量,却被三家矿产公司,玩弄于股掌之上,真是没有出息。

在人事上,简直就是关键部门全部被人通融了。其实非常简单,中国的大型钢铁企业,和前政府相关官员,简单规定,不能为三大矿山工作。如果你以前负责和三大矿山谈判,结果不太理想。几年后你就去这些公司里做在华高管,那就是很明显的利益输送问题了。

还有就是如果你力佑公司请了胡某人做中国公司总裁,对不起,他的所有关系人物必须全部调离相关岗位,很简单,有利益冲突的嫌疑。

当然中国自己搞出来的长期协议价市场和现货价市场的双轨制度,也是一个问题。部分国有大钢企利用手上权力,将长协矿石倒卖到现货上,从中渔暴利。因此对这些企业来说,长协议价钱不是问题,矿石配额是问题。只要拿到足够配额,反正成本不影响自己的盈利,那么只要三大矿配合一下,把现价矿石价格抬上去,那么这些企业就发了。当然三大矿也发了,倒霉的是中国的中小钢铁,然后就把成本转嫁给中国的其他下游企业。

而其他下游企业,反正还可以通过给政府施压,获得能源和环境上的价格优惠,还可以压制血汗农民工的工资,保证控制成本。

有人叹息到,人家控制70%的货源啊,俺们怎么办呢?

俺也是一声叹息。欧佩克掌握多少石油货源,人家美国佬不是想炒上去就上去,想炒下来就下来?

其实简单的很,我这里就有一个妙计。

首先是打击长协矿向现货矿的倒卖。建立一个全国性的跟踪系统。拿长协议矿石的许可企业,如果向现货矿企业转卖的话,国家征收转卖税,就是你这个价格差。就是说杜绝你倒卖的空间。

然后就是这个力佑间谍案,干得好。这帮家伙,俺不信你就没有把柄可以捏在俺手里。力佑不服气,大家就停止矿石谈判。俺也不相信必和必佑和淡水河谷没有问题。好办,俺可以和淡水河谷做一个交易,就是你按照俺的条件谈判,俺就不抓你的间谍。和你谈一个好价钱,俺可以加大合同购买额。

然后,宣布力佑公司在中国从事违法活动,将其列入黑名单,停止在华销售权利5年。看你丫还折腾。

要是三大矿不服气,来个共同进退,如何应对?

也不难。钢铁工业是个夕阳工业,本来就必须减少产能。这个污染行业,如何可以得到重视绿色工业,追求环保的中国政府的亲眯?中国政府应该将碳纤维作为一个未来发展的新材料工业。

碳纤维质量轻,硬度高,是用来替代钢铁的新材料,对减低碳排放和改善世界气候条件有很大作用。现在很多的飞机机翼都是用碳纤维制造。

其实如果可以把汽车的车身用碳纤维来替代,就可以少用很多钢铁。

因此中国政府的发改委,应该可以提出一个“钢铁替代征求意见稿”,就是说,俺们中国可以考虑一个路线图,就是希望可以降低碳纤维的成本,通过政府补贴和倾斜政策,等等,来促进这个行业发展。

这个蓝图,就是在2015年,俺们希望中国所有销售的汽车,要达到碳纤维替代50%,在2020年,争取达到100%。而在大型建筑上,对钢铁用量进行节约措施,杜绝浪费。

俺想看一看那时候三大矿山公司的股价还剩多少?

当然俺的这个想法,不是只是一个谈判的策略,而是中国政府未来的国策。那就是中国的能源和原材料的依赖必须多样化,不能受到一两个企业,和一两个国家的控制。除非这个相关国家允许中国对其资源有一定程度的控制,可以做到互利互惠,那才值得建立长久的信赖关系。

其实中国应该把自己依赖的原材料,整个梳理一遍,把这些情况理清。

不然的话,铁矿石导致的国家安全利益,和经济发展困境,就一直会成为中国人头痛和困扰的事情。

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chinomango 回复 悄悄话 "efforts in the Middle East" yes but Chinese gov is in China already in position.
"国际金融炒家。Just see Soros" Compared with wall st. Soros is still smaller percent.
greatandes 回复 悄悄话 In addition to my previous comments, for your claim that "俺也是一声叹息。欧佩克掌握多少石油货源,人家美国佬不是想炒上去就上去,想炒下来就下来?", even if the Americans have the power to control oil price, it is a result of decades of political and military efforts in the Middle East. Also,USA has political influence in the Middle East including their friendship with the Saudi royal family.They do have allies there. Also there are many oil-producing countries,each with individual interest. But there are only three major iron ore providers--Rio Tinto, BHP Billiton and Vale. Rio Tinto and BHP are soon to merge as people believe. So it clearly monopoly and it is not so easy to break them down. Not to say, the big stake holders behind these groups are not necessarily Australians or Brazilians. There can be big fishes, very hard to fight with. It will be a tough war. No other country (including Japan and Italy) can really negotiate the price down by a lot so far. So it's obvious a lost case.

You comment saying "宣布力佑公司在中国从事违法活动,将其列入黑名单,停止在华销售权利5年"is really naive. Like 朗咸平said(there is some truth in his theory!), the Chinese GDP highly depends on real estate, on large constructions. China is having big plans, to build roads, railroads, etc. China needs iron! If you don't buy from Rio, then Vale will ask whatever they want (check this: http://finance.sina.com.cn/chanjing/gsnews/20090721/12536508660.shtml) Although lately China and Brazil are cooperating a lot, remember that Vale is perhaps not a simple Brazillan company! You have to know who are the big bosses behind all this.

greatandes 回复 悄悄话 Hey there, it's a good article but it seems you are a little outdated. Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton are on the track to merged to be one company so it's a laugh to say that China can negotiate iron ore price with BHP while turning away from Rio Tinto. Also the companies are "力拓" and "必和必拓". It's not "力佑" and "必和必佑".

For the comment that "欧佩克掌握多少石油货源,人家美国佬不是想炒上去就上去,想炒下来就下来?", it is not right to say that Americans are deciding the prices. It is really 国际金融炒家。Just see Soros who is an American but immigrated to Singapore! It is not that he thinks Singapore is better than America. He just takes profit from everybody in the world, from both Americans and Europeans, as well as the Chinese. You like to direct all hatred to USA. But nowadays every ordinary man in the world is a victim to those very rich people, who don't have nationalities when robbing people.
nauticl 回复 悄悄话 Very interesting ideas. I wish your articles have wider readership.
wanderlustnyer 回复 悄悄话 Lots of good ideas in your blog. The problem though, is that the interest of the individual is not aligned with the interest of the state.
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