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斯蒂格利茨：美国对华“敌对”政策可能导致世界分裂
国家发展和改革委员会副主席宁吉喆（左）和哥伦比亚大学教授约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨周日出席在北京举行的中国发展高层论坛。 （法新社/托马斯·彼得）
作者：日本新泻 ● 2023 年 5 月 12 日星期五
诺贝尔经济学奖得主约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨周五对法新社表示，美国对中国的“敌对”政策有可能将世界分裂为两个阵营，他敦促西方向发展中国家提供投资，而不是“讲课”。
“这将是一个好主意......其他七国集团国家试图向美国施加压力，要求其说，‘你正在做的事情是将世界分成两个集团，这将是困难的，’” 教授在日本举行的七国集团部长级会谈间隙说道。
“我们可能处于某种战略竞争中，但这并不意味着我们必须如此敌对。”
斯蒂格利茨警告说，美国民主党和共和党之间对中国表现得强硬的竞争可能会破坏针对气候变化和其他全球危机的国际行动。
他认为，华盛顿最近试图限制中国对关键供应链的影响力的举动不能简单地用对北京政治制度的担忧来解释。
“我们有很多专制的朋友，但我们不喜欢的是经济竞争和政治竞争，”他说。
美国违约风险“重大”
这位80岁的前世界银行首席经济学家表示，与中国等国家相比，西方国家对发展中经济体的投资“非常少”。
“有一个笑话是，我们给他们讲课，告诉他们该怎么做，然后他们给钱，”他说。
来自印度、巴西和印度尼西亚的财政部长与七国集团财政部长和央行行长一道，于周四在日本新泻市举行了为期三天的会议。
这些国家以及包括越南和非洲联盟主席国科摩罗在内的其他国家的领导人也应邀参加下周末在广岛举行的七国集团峰会。
“这里的其他一些国家可能会帮助说服七国集团……部分问题是七国集团，特别是美国，在拉丁美洲和非洲并不存在。因此，虽然我们说我们在竞争，但我们实际上是在竞争。” 没有进行投资，”斯蒂格利茨说。
中国通过其庞大的“一带一路”倡议为世界各地的基础设施提供资金，尽管华盛顿及其盟友指出与其项目相关的高额回报。
目前尚不清楚七国集团是否会在下周的会谈后宣布具体的投资公告，不过将讨论通过多元化经营来“降低”半导体等关键行业风险的努力。
斯蒂格利茨还对美国债务上限危机发表了看法，此前一天，美国财政部长珍妮特·耶伦表示，华盛顿“无法想象”债务违约。
这位经济学家警告说，“达不成协议的风险很大”，并称共和党坚持大幅削减支出以换取提高限额是“狂热的”。
“这在政治上是不合理的……但美国的政治已经陷入了一个非常奇怪的境地，”他说。
'Hostile' US policies on China risk dividing world: Stiglitz
National Development and Reform Commission vice chairman Ning Jizhe (left) and Columbia University professor Joseph Stiglitz attend the China Development Forum in Beijing on Sunday. (AFP/Thomas Peter)
By Niigata, Japan ● Fri, May 12, 2023
"Hostile" US policies on China risk splitting the world into two blocs, Nobel-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz told AFP on Friday, urging the West to offer investment not "lectures" to developing countries.
"It would be a good idea... for the other G7 countries to try to put pressure on the United States to say, 'what you're doing is forming the world into two blocs, and that will be hard,'" the professor said on the sidelines of Group of Seven ministerial talks in Japan.
"We may be in some kind of strategic competition, but that doesn't mean that we have to be quite so hostile."
Stiglitz warned that competition between US Democrats and Republicans to look tough on China could undermine international action on climate change and other global crises.
And he argued that recent moves by Washington, which is attempting to limit Chinese influence on critical supply chains, could not be explained simply by concerns over Beijing's political system.
"We have many, quote, friends who are authoritarian, but what we don't like is the economic competition, and political competition," he said.
US default risk 'significant'
The West meanwhile is investing "very little" in developing economies, compared to countries like China, said the 80-year-old American, a former World Bank chief economist.
"There's a joke that we give them lectures about what to do, and they give them money," he said.
Finance ministers from India, Brazil and Indonesia have joined their G7 counterparts and central bank chiefs for a three-day meeting in the Japanese city of Niigata, which kicked off on Thursday.
Leaders from those nations and others including Vietnam and African Union chair Comoros are also invited to next weekend's G7 summit in Hiroshima.
"Some of the other countries here may help persuade the G7... that part of the problem is that the G7, particularly the US, is not present in Latin America and Africa. So while we say we're competing, we're not doing the investment," Stiglitz said.
China funds infrastructure around the world through its huge Belt and Road Initiative, though Washington and its allies point to the high repayments associated with its projects.
It is unclear if the G7 will make concrete investment announcements after talks next week, though efforts to "de-risk" key sectors like semiconductors by diversifying away from China will be on the table.
Stiglitz also weighed in on the US debt limit crisis, a day after Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said it would be "unthinkable" for Washington to default on its debt.
The economist warned that "the risk of not reaching agreement is significant", calling Republican insistence on deep spending cuts in exchange for raising the limit "fanatic".
"It would not be politically rational... But politics in America has gotten into a very strange place," he said.
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